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Table 5 Binary multivariate logistic regression of responses to the EQ-5D items in type 2 diabetics, odds ratios (95% CI)

From: Health-related quality of life in diabetes: The associations of complications with EQ-5D scores

 

EQ-5D dimensions

 

Mobility

Self-care

Usual activities

Pain/discomfort

Anxiety/depression

Sex

(male = 0, female = 1)

0.68 (0.38 - 1.21)

0.59 (0.23 - 1.54)

0.47 (0.25 - 0.88)*

0.82 (0.53 - 1.27)

0.91 (0.54 - 1.52)

Age

(in 10 years)

1.36 (1.03 - 1.80)*

0.83 (0.55 - 1.25)

1.34 (1.00 - 1.80)

1.03 (0.83 - 1.24)

0.78 (0.62 - 0.99)*

Impaired vision

(normal = 0, reduced = 1)

2.96 (1.44 - 6.10)**

2.29 (0.77 - 6.75)

0.89 (0.39 - 2.04)

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1.46 (0.71 - 3.01)

Ischemic heart disease (no = 0, yes = 1)

1.97 (0.91 - 4.25)

1.77 (0.54 - 5.86)

1.14 (0.48 - 2.71)

2.51 (1.27 - 4.97)**

1.15 (0.53 - 2.50)

Proteinuria (no = 0, yes = 1)

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0.42 (0.14 - 1.29)

Foot Ulcer (no = 0, yes = 1)

0.32 (0.07 - 1.39)

0.73 (0.11 - 4.67)

2.11 (0.48 - 9.39)

2.18 (0.54 - 8.79)

7.00 (1.53 - 31.97)*

Stroke (no = 0, yes = 1)

3.50 (1.13 - 10.82)*

1.45 (0.23 - 9.13)

4.48 (1.38 - 14.59)*

1.99 (0.72 - 5.54)

2.14 (0.69 - 6.62)

Neuropathy (no = 0, yes = 1)

12.07 (3.30 - 44.12)***

2.74 (0.57 - 13.25)

3.08 (0.84 - 11.26)

Predicts perfectly#

1.29 (0.40 - 4.16)

Body mass index (kg/m2 )

1.12 (1.05 - 1.19)***

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Disability pension (no = 0, yes = 1)

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2.38 (1.20 - 4.69)*

 

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Number of hospital admissions during previous 6 months

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1.87 (1.14 - 3.07)*

Receives help from others (no = 0, yes = 1)

5.85 (3.00 - 11.38)***

6.95 (2.58 - 18.73)***

4.67 (2.21 - 9.87)***

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Hypoglycaemia index##

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1.68 (1.13 - 2.49)*

1.08 (0.70 - 1.68)

Fear of hypoglycaemia### (small = 0, large = 1)

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5.76 (3.36 - 9.87)***

Limitations at work### (small = 0, large = 1)

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6.95 (3.56 -13.56)***

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Limitations socially### (small = 0, large = 1)

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1.33 (0.67 - 2.62)

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Log likelihood

-156.08

-66.13

-136.85

-232.10

-187.32

  1. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. # All patients reporting neuropathy also reports having problems in the PAIN/DISCOMFORT dimension of the EQ-5D.
  3. Cells with dotted line indicate that the variable was not included in the model.
  4. ## Self reported episodes of hypoglycaemia, with 4 levels of severity (level 1 = hypoglycaemia cured with the intake of for example fluids containing sugar, no help from other required, level 2 = hypoglycaemia cured with the intake of for example fluids containing sugar, help from others required, level 3 = hypoglycaemia with help from doctor required (no hospital admission), level 4 = hypoglycaemia resulting in hospital admission), then added with severity weights (level 1 × 1, level 2 × 2, level 3 × 3, level 4 × 4) and finally divided in 3 groups 0, 1-11 and 12 to max
  5. ### Self reported on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = not at all, 5 = very much), recoded to 2 levels (> and < than 2.5 due to imputed values having values with decimals)
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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