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Table 4 Binary multivariate logistic regression of responses to the EQ-5D items in type 1 diabetics, odds ratios (95% CI)

From: Health-related quality of life in diabetes: The associations of complications with EQ-5D scores

 

EQ-5D dimensions

 

Mobility

Self-care

Usual activities

Pain/discomfort

Anxiety/depression

Sex (male = 0, female = 1)

0.63 (0.14 - 2.74)

0.25 (0.01 - 5.15)

0.67 (0.22 - 2.03)

0.45 (0.20 - 1.03)

1.12 (0.50 - 2.51)

Age (in 10 years)

1.33 (0.78 - 2.25)

1.37 (0.55 - 3.43)

0.93 (0.61 - 1.40)

1.36 (1.04 - 1.77)*

0.72 (0.55 - 0.94)*

Impaired vision (no = 0, yes = 1)

3.00 (0.53 - 16.85)

12.11 (0.49 - 297.88)

0.28 (0.07 - 1.15)

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4.60 (1.57 - 13.46)**

Ischemic heart disease (no = 0, yes = 1)

11.72 (2.02 - 68.09)**

1.24 (0.05 - 31.42)

4.15 (0.73 - 23.64)

5.84 (1.29 - 26.40)*

6.82 (1.34 - 34.75)*

Proteinuria (no = 0, yes = 1)

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0.47 (0.09 - 2.47)

Foot Ulcer (no = 0, yes = 1)

13.33 (1.33 - 133.29)*

6.20 (0.17 - 221.73)

10.04 (0.80 - 126.22)

3.24 (0.47 - 22.43)

1.06 (0.16 - 6.96)

Stroke (no = 0, yes = 1)

0.47 (0.02 - 8.99)

17.37 (0.49 - 610.92)

1.24 (0.09 - 16.83)

10.66 (0.75 - 152.16)

1.14 (0.13 - 10.21)

Neuropathy (no = 0, yes = 1)

7.17 (1.22 - 42.03)*

5.86 (0.41 - 83.43)

6.96 (1.45 - 33.44)

27.13 (3.13 - 235.07)**

4.61 (1.05 - 20.21)*

Body mass index (kg/m2 )

1.15 (1.02 - 1.30)*

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Disability pension (no = 0, yes = 1)

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4.64 (1.33 - 16.18)*

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Number of hospital admissions during previous 6 months

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-----

-----

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1.22 (0.58 - 2.53)

Receives help from others (no = 0, yes = 1)

10.04 (2.03 - 49.69)**

10.28 (0.61 - 173.34)

1.90 (0.50 - 7.22)

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Hypoglycaemia index#

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1.59 (0.87 - 2.89)

1.29 (0.71 - 2.33)

Fear of hypoglycaemia## (small = 0, large = 1)

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-----

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3.98 (1.78 - 8.93)**

Limitations at work## (small = 0, large = 1)

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13.20 (3.38 - 51.53)***

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Limitations socially## (small = 0, large = 1)

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1.87 (0.65 - 5.37)

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Log likelihood

-28.08

-9.96

-51.46

-85.06

-85.30

  1. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. Cells with dotted line indicate that the variable was not included in the model.
  3. # Self reported episodes of hypoglycaemia, with 4 levels of severity (level 1 = hypoglycaemia cured with the intake of for example fluids containing sugar, no help from other required, level 2 = hypoglycaemia cured with the intake of for example fluids containing sugar, help from others required, level 3 = hypoglycaemia with help from doctor required (no hospital admission), level 4 = hypoglycaemia resulting in hospital admission), then added with severity weights (level 1 × 1, level 2 × 2, level 3 × 3, level 4 × 4) and finally divided in 3 groups 0, 1-11 and 12 to max
  4. ## Self reported on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = not at all, 5 = very much), recoded to 2 levels (> and < than 2.5 due to imputed values having values with decimals)
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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