Changes in quality of life among Norwegian school children: a six-month follow-up study

Table 6 Mean change and estimated mean change on the KINDL: Parent proxy report by grade

	Mean change ^a	SD	Est. Mean change ^b	SEM
Grade
Family
10^th	1.8	11.3	1.5	0.6
8^th	1.0	12.1	1.2	0.6
6^th	1.3	12.2	1.3	0.5
4^th	1.9	11.1	1.8	0.5
Total	1.5	11.6	-	-
Friends
10^th	1.2	11.5	0.7	0.6
8^th	-0.1	11.1	0.1	0.6
6^th	1.3	11.7	0.8	0.5
4^th	1.3	10.5	2.0	0.5
Total	1.0	11.2	-	-
School
10^th	0.3	11.5	-2.1* ^c	0.7
8^th	1.3	11.5	-0.1*	0.7
6^th	1.6	17.9	1.2	0.6
4^th	-0.5	11.1	2.1	0.5
Total	0.6	13.4	-	-
Emotional well-being
10^th	1.2	12.2	0.7	0.7
8^th	1.4	12.1	1.5	0.7
6^th	2.0	13.7	1.4	0.3
4^th	1.3	12.8	1.7	0.5
Total	1.4	12.8	-	-
Self-esteem
10^th	1.4	12.8	0.3	0.7
8^th	0.5	13.7	0.2	0.7
6^th	-0.1	14.1	-0.8	0.6
4^th	0.1	11.3	1.4	0.5
Total	0.4	12.9	-	-

^aDifferences in mean change based on raw scores between baseline and follow-up (T2 minus T1).
^bEstimated marginal mean change scores by ANCOVA, using baseline-scores as covariates.
^cEffect size = 2%
SD = Standard deviation; SEM = Standard error of the mean
Sample size for 10^th, 8^th, 6^th, 4^th grades and total: 262, 266, 348, 434 and 1310.
*p < 0.05

ISSN: 1477-7525