Table 3 Studies on relationship between quality of life data and survival in patients with breast cancer
Author(s) | Year | Sample | HRQOL measure(s)* | Results* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Coates et al. [13] | 1987 | 226 advanced breast cancer | LASA scores for physical well-being + mood, pain, and appetite (as QOL index) | Changes in QOL scores were independent prognostic of survival. |
Coates et al. [46] | 1992 | 226 advanced breast cancer | LASA scores for physical well-being + mood, nausea, vomiting, and appetite (as QOL index) | Both QOL index and physical well-being were independent prognostic factors of survival. |
Fraser et al. [47] | 1993 | 60 advanced breast cancer | DDC + LASA + NHP | The DDC provided accurate prognostic data regarding subsequent response and survival. |
Seidman et al. [48] | 1995 | 40 advanced breast cancer | MSAS + MSAS-GDI + FLI-C + RMHI + BPI + MPAC | Baseline global QOL and distress index scores independently predicted the overall survival. |
Tross et al. [49] | 1996 | 280 early stage breast cancer | SCL-90-R | No significant predictive effect of the level of depression on length of disease-free and overall survival observed. |
Watson et al. [50] | 1999 | 578 early stage breast cancer | MAC + CECS + HADS | Depression score of the HADS and helplessness and hopelessness category of the MAC had determinant effect on survival. |
Coats et al. [51] | 2000 | 227 metastatic and early stage breast cancer | Physical well-being + mood, appetite, and coping (as QOL index) | Disease-free survival was not significantly predicted by QOL scores at baseline or by changes in QOL scores. After relapse QOL scores were predictive for subsequent survival. |
Kramer et al. [52] | 2000 | 187 advanced breast cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 | Pain was prognostic for survival. However, fatigue and emotional functioning were significant in backward selection model. |
Shimozuma et al. [53] | 2000 | 47 advanced or end stage breast cancer | QOL-ACD | Physical aspects of QOL were significantly related to survival. The change in scores of both overall QOL and the physical aspects of QOL were also significant predictors of survival. |
Butow et al. [54] | 2000 | 99 metastatic breast cancer | Cognitive appraisal of threat + coping + psychological adjustment + perceived aim of treatment + social support + QOL | Minimization was associated with longer survival while a better appetite predicted shorter duration of survival. |
Luoma et al. [55] | 2003 | 279 advanced breast cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 | Baseline severe pain was predictive for a shorter overall survival. QOL scores had no great importance in predicting primary clinical endpoints such as time to progression or overall survival. |
Winer et al. [56] | 2004 | 474 metastatic breast cancer | FLI-C + SDS | Global QOL and symptom distress scores were prognostic for survival. |
Efficace et al. [57] | 2004 | 448 nonmetastatic breast cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 | Baseline QOL had no prognostic value in nonmetastatic breast cancer. |
Efficace et al. [58] | 2004 | 275 matastatic breast cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 + QLQ-BR23 | Loss of appetite was a significant prognostic factor for survival. |
Goodwin et al. [59] | 2004 | 397 early stage breast cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 + POMS + PAIS + IES + MACS +ACS + CECS | QOL and psychological status at diagnosis and 1 year later were not associated with medical outcome. |
Watson et al. [60] | 2005 | 578 early stage breast cancer | MAC + HADS | Helplessness/hopelessness was a significant predictor of disease-free survival but depression was not. |
Lehto et al. [61] | 2006 | 72 localized breast cancer | Coping + emotional expression + perceived support + life stresses + QOL | Longer survival was predicted by a minimizing-related coping while shorter survival was predicted by anti-emotionality, escape coping, and high level of perceived support. |
Gupta et al. [62] | 2007 | 251 breast carcinoma | Ferrans and Powers QLI | Baseline patient satisfaction with health and physical functioning and overall HRQOL were significant prognostic of survival. |
Groenvold et al. [63] | 2007 | 1588 breast cancer | EORTC QLQ-C30 + HADS | Emotional functioning was predicted overall survival and fatigue was independent predictor of recurrence-free survival. |