Associations between disease severity, coping and dimensions of health-related quality of life in patients admitted for elective coronary angiography – a cross sectional study

Table 1 Regression analyses at levels 3–6, sensitivity analysis using alternative definitions withthe cross-loadings of coping scales.

	Co^a	No^a	Ce^a	Burden^b	GH^c	QOL^d
CAD ^e	-0.09	-0.01	0.10	0.16	1.73	0.07
AFS ^f	-0.03	-0.05	-0.02	0.02; ***	0.03	-0.00
HADS-A ^g	1.19; ***	0.80; **	1.57; ***	-0.07; ***	-0.54;°	0.07; ***
HADS-D ^h	-0.43	-1.39; ***	0.69; **	0.00	-0.70; *	0.06; ***
CCS ⁱ				***
I vs. 0	0.65	0.63	1.33	-0.34; *	-1.91	-0.21
II vs. 0	-0.75	0.23	2.24	-0.53; ***	-2.62	-0.21;°
III vs. 0	-0.31	2.50	3.03	-0.49; **	-1.39	-0.24
NYHA ^j
II vs. 0–I	-0.62	1.31	0.07	0.16	-1.62	0.08
III-IV vs. 0–I	-3.02	-3.14	1.22	0.15	-4.44;°	0.02
ECS^k	-0.06	-0.11; *	-0,06	0.02; ***	0.23; ***	0.00
SF^l	-0.04	-0.01	-0.10; ***	0.00;°	0.10; **	-0.01; ***
Co^a				0.01; **	0.11; *	-0.01; *
No^a				-0.00	-0.01	-0.00
Ce^a				-0.01; ***	-0.19; **	0.00
Burden^m						***
5 vs. 6					-1.38	-0.28
4 vs. 6					-0.39	-0.51; **
3 vs. 6					0.15	-0.53; **
2 vs. 6					2.01	-0.64; **
1 vs. 6					2.20	-1.12; ***
Adjusted R²	0.13	0.09	0.45	0.48	0.40	0.43
Interactions ^t	0.34	0.76	0.33	0.25	0.21	0.29

^q CAD: Coronary artery disease vs no CAD (after angiography)
^a AFS: Angina Frequency Scale (Seattle Angina Questionnaire), scale score 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
^b HADS-A: Anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), scale score 0 (best) to 21 (worst).
^c HADS-D: Depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), scale score 0 (best) to 21 (worst).
^d ECS: Exertional Capacity Scale (Seattle Angina Questionnaire), scale scores 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
^e SF: Social Function (SF-36), scale scores 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
^f Co: Confrontive coping, No: Normalising Optimistic and Ce: Combined Emotive coping. The three dimensions in Wahl et al's model [33] of the Jalowiec Coping Scale [32]
^g Burden: Perceived Burden- perception of living with angina pectoris, 1 (worst) to 6 (best).
^h GH: General Health (SF-36), scale scores 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
ⁱ QOL: Overall quality of life, 1 (best) to 7 (worst).
^t All two-way interactions, overall p-value, feasible after a few simplifications if necessary.
°p ≤ 0.10; * p ≤ .05. ** p ≤ .01. *** p ≤ .001

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