Table 2 Factor matrix following varimax rotation for EDSIS scale

1

2

3

4

Factor 1:Nutrition (Cronbach alpha 0.84)

Did you experience difficulties preparing meals

0.68

0.08

0.15

0.05

0.60

0.53

Were there arguments or tension during mealtimes

0.68

-0.05

0.13

0.17

0.61

0.69

Did you have to turn up the heat due to her/him feeling cold

0.66

0.11

0.00

-0.02

0.51

0.51

Did you notice or think about how the illness was affecting her/him mentally

0.66

0.21

0.17

0.20

0.62

0.68

Were there arguments with other family members about how to handle mealtimes

0.65

0.04

-0.03

0.21

0.55

0.65

Did you notice or think about how the illness was affecting her/him physically

0.64

0.14

0.08

0.11

0.56

0.68

Did you check on her to ensure that she/he was okay

0.64

0.19

0.09

0.23

0.60

0.60

Did you spend long period of time shopping for food

0.55

0.14

0.18

0.02

046

0.61

Factor 2: Guilt (Cronbach alpha 0.89)

Feeling that I have let her/him down

0.17

0.89

0.08

0.17

0.85

0.84

Feeling that there could have been something that I should have done

0.20

0.88

0.12

0.11

0.86

0.85

Thinking about where I went wrong

0.24

0.85

0.13

0.03

0.80

0.80

Feeling that I should have noticed it before it became so bad

-0.02

0.79

0.08

0.11

0.64

0.64

Thinking that perhaps I was not strict enough

0.16

0.65

0.18

0/.13

0.54

0.49

Factor 3:Dysregulated Behaviour (Cronbach alpha 0.82)

Did you have difficulties with blocked drains, plumbing

-0.10

0.11

0.75

-0.03

0.56

0.63

Lying/stealing

0.15

0.13

0.72

0.06

0.61

0.64

Out of control temper

0.12

0.09

0.72

0.27

0.64

0.84

Physically and/or verbally aggressive

0.15

0.10

0.70

0.28

0.65

0.84

Did food disappear from the cupboards

0.16

-0.03

0.61

-0.37

0.43

0.66

Were there bad smells and poor hygiene in the bathroom

0.11

0.14

0.58

-0.09

0.47

0.73

Controlling/manipulative

0.34

0.06

0.55

0.23

0.50

0.61

/Factor 4: Social isolation (Cronbach alpha 0.86)

How your friends/relatives have stopped visiting

0.15

0.20

-0.05

0.84

0.75

0.75

Losing your friends

0.06

0.12

0.07

0.77

0.64

0.71

Cancelling or refusing plans to see friends or relatives

0.37

0.14

0.09

0.77

0.77

0.75

Feeling unable to go out for evenings, weekends or on holiday

0.32

0.09

0.19

0.70

0.70

0.67

Eigenvalue

3.99

3.66

3.36

2.99

Percentage Variance explained

16.6

15.2

14.0

12.5

Cumulative percentage variance explained

16.6

31.9

45.9

58.4