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Table 2 CD4 and Viral Load Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) of EQ-5D and Health Change in Cox Model of Survival

From: EuroQol (EQ-5D) measure of quality of life predicts mortality, emergency department utilization, and hospital discharge rates in HIV-infected adults under care

Measure1

Half yrs/n/deaths2

Adjusted4

  

HR

95% CI

p-value

Mobility

3006/953/47

  

<0.001

No problems

1908/./4

1.0

  

Some problems

1052/./36

10.0

3.5–28.4

<0.001

Confined to bed

46/./7

27.0

7.7–94.9

<0.001

Self-Care

3007/954/47

  

<0.001

No problems

2421/./13

1.0

  

Some problems

547/./26

5.0

2.5–10.0

<0.001

Unable to wash or dress

39/./8

14.1

5.5–36.0

<0.001

Usual Activities

3008/954/47

  

<0.001

No problems

1638/./5

1.0

  

Some problems

1249/./27

4.3

1.6–11.3

<0.001

Unable to perform

121/./15

17.3

6.1–49.4

<0.001

Pain/Discomfort

3007/954/45

  

0.001

None

1085/./3

1.0

  

Moderate

1609/./26

3.7

1.1–12.4

0.032

Extreme

313/./16

10.9

3.1–37.6

<0.001

Anxiety/Depression

3005/954/46

  

0.086

None

1389/./14

1.0

  

Moderate

1365/./25

1.5

0.8–2.9

0.22

Extreme

251/./7

2.8

1.1–7.1

0.028

VAS 3 (per 10 units)

2987/950/44

0.73

0.63–0.83

<0.001

pVAS (per 10 units)

2994/948/45

0.66

0.56–0.77

<0.001

Health change

3006/955/46

  

<0.001

Better

761/./5

1.0

  

Much the same

1722/./15

1.2

0.4–3.3

0.74

Worse

523/./26

4.6

1.7–12.2

0.002

  1. 1. Items 1–5 (Mobility, Self Care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression) are EQ-5D health states. Health change is not part of EQ-5D. EQ-5D health states, VAS, health change, CD4 category, and HIV-1 plasma viral load are modelled as time-varying covariates.
  2. 2. Number of half years/number of patients/number of deaths. Note, the number of patients is not provided for individual categories as half years from the same patient can occur in multiple categories.
  3. 3. EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale (VAS) rating of global health status (0–100); pVAS (predicted VAS; see Methods)
  4. 4. Each covariate is adjusted only for CD4 category (<50, 50–199, ≥200) and plasma HIV-1 viral load (<1,000, ≥1,000 copies), not for the other listed health status items. CD4 category and plasma HIV-1 viral load are modelled as time-varying covariates.
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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

ISSN: 1477-7525

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