Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Table 4 W-BQ12 (Japanese) and subscales: subgroup mean scores, standard deviations and Cronbach's alpha

From: Development of the Well-being questionnaire short-form in Japanese: the W-BQ12

	Treatment groups				Sex			Total Sample
	Insulin	Tablet	Diet	χ² (df)	Men	Women	χ² (df)
General Well-being (total)
Mean (sd) [χ² (df)]	25.1 (6.3)	26.9 (6.2)	27.3 (5.4)	[10.7 (2)**]	26.6 (6.1)	25.8 (6.3)	[1.6 (1)]	26.2 (6.2)
alpha	0.84	0.87	0.82		0.87	0.84		0.85
Negative Well-being
Mean (sd) [χ² (df)]	2.8 (2.8)	2.0 (2.3)	2.1 (2.3)	[7.5 (2)*]	2.0 (2.4)	2.7 (2.7)	[8.6 (1)**]	2.3 (2.6)
alpha	0.81	0.73	0.77		0.79	0.76		0.78
Energy
Mean (sd) [χ² (df)]	7.3 (2.6)	8.0 (2.6)	8.4 (2.4)	[11.2 (2)*]	7.7 (2.6)	7.9 (2.6)	[0.4 (1)]	7.8 (2.6)
alpha	0.68	0.70	0.70		0.72	0.65		0.69
Positive Well-being
Mean (sd) [χ² (df)]	8.5 (2.5)	8.9 (2.6)	8.9 (2.3)	[2.4 (2)]	8.8 (2.4)	8.6 (2.6)	[0.3 (1)]	8.7 (2.5)
alpha	0.77	0.84	0.80		0.82	0.79		0.80

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

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