Validation of the Clinical COPD questionnaire in Italian language

Table 1 Characteristics and results of the study population in subgroups

	Healthy subjects	Mild-moderate COPD-class I-II	Severe COPD-class III	Very severe COPD-class IV
N	55	40	55	25
Males (%)	62.0	85.0	63.6	72.0
Age (yr)	70^abcd (41–82)	72^abcd (58–84)	71^abcd (41–86)	71^abcd (42–86)
LTOT (%)	0.0	0.0	32.7	72.0
HMV (%)	0.0	0.0	7.2	8.0
BMI (kg/m²)	25.7^abcd (18.0–30.0)	26.7^abcd (18.6–37.8)	25.1^abcd (16.4–36.4)	26.6^abcd (16.2–34.6)
FEV₁/FVC (%)	79.2 (70.4–94.5)	59.7 (40.4–68.2)	44.2 (27.9–66.2)	35.1 (21.1–57.3)
FEV₁ (% predicted)	108.0 (69–132)	69.5 (51.4–117.1)	40.7 (30.2–49.8)	26.4 (16.4–29.7)
MRC functional dyspnoea	0.6 ± 3.4 (0–1)	1.1 ± 0.8 (0–2)	1.6 ± 0.7 (0–4)	2.3 ± 0.9 (0–4)
CCQ symptom	0.5 (0.0–4.0)	1.3^b (0.0–4.0)	1.5^b (0.3–5.8)	2.5 (0.3–3.8)
CCQ functional state	0.5^a (0.0–5.3)	1.0^a (0.0–3.5)	1.5 (0.0–5.3)	3.0 (0.3–5.0)
CCQ mental state	0.0 (0.0–4.5)	0.0 (0.0–5.0)	1.0^c (0.0–6.0)	1.5^c (0.0–6.0)
CCQ total	0.4 (0.0–3.8)	0.9 (0.0–3.5)	1.4 (0.3–5.2)	2.6 (0.4–4.3)

CCQ = Clinical COPD Questionnaire; range 0–6; 0 indicating best possible control and 6 indicating worst clinical control. LTOT = long term oxygen therapy. HMV = home assisted mechanical ventilation during night. BMI = body mass index. FVC = forced vital capacity. FEV₁ = forced expired volume in one second. MRC = Medical Research Council. Healthy: normal spirometry, no chronic symptoms (cough, sputum production and/or dyspnoea). COPD classification by post-bronchodilator spirometry according to GOLD guidelines: mild-moderate FEV₁/FVC <= 0.70 and FEV₁ >= 50% predicted, severe FEV₁/FVC <= 0.70 and FEV₁ >= 30% predicted, very-severe FEV₁/FVC <= 0.70 and FEV₁ < 30% predicted. Medians not sharing a common superscript (a,b,c,d) are significantly different at p < 0.05 after Mann-Wittney U test.
MRC data are reported as mean value with standard deviation and range.

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