Table 1 Characteristics of participants (n = 42)
Mean, sd [range] | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 54.9 (12.7) [31–81] | |
Ethnicity | ||
European-derived | 34 (81%) | |
African-derived | 3 (7%) | |
Other | 5 (12%) | |
Gender | ||
Female | 40 (95%) | |
Male | 2 (5%) | |
Visual acuity* | ||
20/20 + OU | 18 (44%) | |
20/20+, better eye | 10 (24%) | |
20/25+, better eye | 12 (29%) | |
<20/25, better eye | 1 (2%) | |
Vital dye staining | ||
Oxford score | 7.2 (3.4) [1–14] | -- |
5+ | -- | 34 (81%) |
Van Bijsterveld score** | 5.3 (2.7) [0–9] | -- |
4+ | -- | 28 (74%) |
Tear production | ||
Tear film break-up time (s)** | 2.9 (1.7) [1–8] | -- |
< 5 sec | -- | 33 (87%) |
Schirmer without anesthesia (mm) | 4.9 (5.4) [0–20] | -- |
0–5 | -- | 25 (60%) |
5-<10 | -- | 8 (19%) |
10+ | -- | 9 (21%) |
Meibomian gland disease** | ||
None | -- | 10 (26%) |
1 | -- | 8 (21%) |
2+ | -- | 20 (53%) |
European-American dry eye criteria | -- | 37 (90%) |