Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Age (years), mean (SD) | 64.4 (10.6) |
Men, n (%) | 77 (81.9) |
Smokers, n (%) | 45 (47.9) |
Alcohol, n (%) | 12 (12.8) |
Obesity, n (%) | 24 (25.5) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 46 (48.9) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 19 (20.2) |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 40 (42.6) |
Renal failure, n (%) | 8 (8.5) |
Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 14 (14.9) |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 10 (10.6) |
CABG*, n (%) | 12 (12.8) |
Heart failure, n (%) | 18 (19.1) |
Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 21 (22.3) |
Tachycardiomyopathy, n (%) | 17 (18.1) |
Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 19 (20.2) |
- Aortic stenosis | 4 (4.3) |
- Mitral regurgitation | 12 (12.8) |
- Tricuspid regurgitation | 3 (3.2) |
Pacemaker, n (%) | 7 (7.4) |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 41 (43.6) |
COPD†, n (%) | 20 (21.3) |
Asthma, n (%) | 5 (5.3) |
Steinert, n (%) | 2 (2.1) |
Arthrosis, n (%) | 23 (24.5) |
Oral anticoagulation, n (%) | 55 (58.5) |
Antiarrhythmic drugs, n (%) | 47 (50.0) |
Betablockers, n (%) | 15 (16.0) |
Verapamil/diltiazem, n (%) | 21 (22.3) |
Digoxin, n (%) | 12 (12.8) |