Association between sense of coherence and health-related quality of life among primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Table 1 Comparison of chronic pain patients with strong and weak sense of coherence (SOC)*

Patient characteristic	Strong SOC	Weak SOC	P value
Patient characteristic	(n = 152)	(n = 98)	P value
Age in years, mean (SD)	55.4 (8.4)	54.9 (8.6)	.67
Male, n (%)	125 (82.2)	82 (83.7)	.77
White, n, (%)	118 (77.6)	74 (75.5)	.77
Education > high school, n (%)	123 (80.9)	62 (63.3)	.002
Married, n (%)	106 (69.7)	79 (80.6)	.056
Education > high school, n (%)	123 (80.9)	62 (63.3)	.002
Employed, n (%)	105 (69.1)	55 (56.1)	.019
Income adequate by self-report, n (%)	143 (94.1)	82 (83.7)	<.0001
Socioeconomic index, mean (SD)	0.7 (0.7)	1.3 (1.0)	<.0001
Major depression, n (%)	17 (11.2)	43 (43.9)	<.0001
Comorbid medical diseases	1.9 (1.3)	2.3 (1.3)	.015
Pain-specific scores, mean (SD)
BPI severity [0–10]	5.0 (1.8)	5.3 (1.5)	.151
BPI interference [0–10]	4.9 (2.2)	5.9 (2.2)	.0004
ASES pain self-efficacy [1-10]	6.9 (1.9)	5.3 (2.2)	<.0001
CSQ pain catastrophizing [0–36]	8.6 (6.5)	15.3 (9.2)	<.0001
Health related quality of life scores, mean (SD)^†
SF-36 general health [0–100]	58.6 (26.4)	39.9 (29.4)	<.0001
SF-36 vitality [0–100]	47.6 (21.0)	29.7 (20.7)	<.0001
SF-36 social functioning [0–100]	75.4 (22.8)	53.3 (28.1)	<.0001
SF-12 physical component [norm = 50]	35.9 (9.3)	34.8 (8.9)	<.343
SF-12 mental component [norm = 50]	53.4 (8.9)	40.3 (12.6)	<.0001

*Numbers in brackets represent minimum to maximum scores on each scale, with worst scorerepresented by the bolded number.
^†Strong SOC = score of 0 to1. Weak SOC = score of 2 to 6.
BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; ASES = Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale; CSQ = Catastrophizing Strategies Questionnaire; SF-36 = the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey; SF-12 = the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey.

ISSN: 1477-7525