Table 1 Participant demographics by sleeping quality and sleeping duration
All participants(n = 301) | Good sleepers | Poor sleepers | Test statistic/ | Long sleepers | Short sleepers | Test statistic/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 67) | (n = 234) | P a | (n = 170) | (n = 131) | P a | ||
Age group | |||||||
60–69 years | 58 (19.3%) | 14 (20.9%) | 44 (18.8%) | χ2(2) = 0.17/ | 37 (21.8%) | 21 (16.0%) | χ2(2) = 1.65/ |
70–79 years | 135 (44.9%) | 29 (43.3%) | 106 (45.3%) | 0.92 | 75 (44.1%) | 60 (45.8%) | 0.44 |
80+ years | 108 (35.9%) | 24 (35.8%) | 84 (35.9%) | 58 (34.1%) | 50 (38.2%) | ||
Gender | |||||||
Male | 47 (15.6%) | 17 (25.4%) | 30 (12.8%) | χ2(1) = 6.23/ | 31 (18.2%) | 16 (12.2%) | χ2(1) = 2.04/ |
Female | 254 (84.4%) | 50 (74.6%) | 204 (87.2%) | 0.01 | 139 (81.8%) | 204 (87.8%) | 0.15 |
Marital status | |||||||
Single/divorced/widowed | 197 (65.4%) | 39 (58.2%) | 158 (67.5%) | χ2(1) = 2.00/ | 106 (62.4%) | 91 (69.5%) | χ2(1) = 1.66/ |
Married | 104 (34.6%) | 28 (41.8%) | 76 (32.5%) | 0.16 | 64 (37.6%) | 40 (30.5%) | 0.20 |
Education level | |||||||
0–6 years | 228 (75.7%) | 43 (64.2%) | 185 (79.1%) | χ2(1) = 6.28/ | 119 (70.0%) | 109 (83.2%) | χ2(1) = 7.02/ |
7+ years | 73 (24.3%) | 28 (35.8%) | 49 (20.9%) | 0.01 | 51 (30.0%) | 22 (16.8%) | 0.008 |
Occupational status | |||||||
Full-/part-time | 7 (2.2%) | 2 (2.9%) | 5 (2%) | χ2(1) = 0.17/ | 3 (1.8%) | 4 (3.1%) | χ2(1) = 0.54/ |
Retired/unemployed | 294 (97.7%) | 65 (97.0%) | 229 (97.9%) | 0.69 | 167 (98.2%) | 127 (96.9%) | 0.46 |
Living arrangement | |||||||
Live alone | 112 (37.2%) | 20 (29.9%) | 92 (39.3%) | χ2(1) = 2.00/ | 59 (34.7%) | 53 (40.5%) | χ2(1) = 1.05/ |
Live with others | 189 (62.8%) | 47 (70.1%) | 142 (60.7%) | 0.16 | 111 (65.3%) | 78 (59.5%) | 0.31 |
Financial status | |||||||
Sufficient | 274 (91.0%) | 64 (95.4%) | 210 (89.7%) | χ2(1) = 2.13/ | 159 (93.5%) | 115 (87.8%) | χ2(1) = 2.99/ |
Insufficient | 27 (9.0%) | 3 (4.5%) | 24 (10.3%) | 0.14 | 11 (6.5%) | 16 (12.2%) | 0.08 |
Perceived health | |||||||
Fair, good, or excellent | 230 (76.4%)71 (23.6%) | 60 (89.6%)7 (10.4%) | 170 (72.6%)64 (27.4%) | χ2(1) = 8.26/ 0.004 | 140 (82.4%)30 (17.6%) | 90 (68.7%)41 (23.6%) | χ2(1) = 7.65/ 0.006 |
Poor or very poor | 71 (23.6%) | 7 (10.4%) | 64 (27.4%) | 0.004 | 30 (17.6%) | 41 (23.6%) | 0.006 |
Chronic illness | |||||||
Yes | 237 (78.7%) | 50 (74.6%) | 187 (79.9%) | χ2(1) = 0.87/ | 132 (77.6%) | 105 (80.2%) | χ2(1) = 0.28/ |
No | 64 (21.3%) | 17 (25.4%) | 47 (20.1%) | 0.35 | 38 (22.4%) | 26 (19.8%) | 0.60 |
Global PSQI score | 5.0 (3.25) | 11.0 (4.0) | Z = 12.78/ ≤ 0.001 | ||||
Median (IQR) | 7.0 (5.5) | ||||||
Range | 0-20 | ||||||
Sleep duration (hours per day) | |||||||
Median (IQR) | 5.5 (1.0) | 7.0 (1.0) | 5.0 (2.0) | Z = 9.39/ < 0.001 | |||
Range | 1.5-9.5 |