Validation of the Japanese version of the EORTC hepatocellular carcinoma-specific quality of life questionnaire module (QLQ-HCC18)

Table 5 Known group comparison of differences in mean scores of scales and items

	Karnofsky Performance status score			Child-Pugh grade
	100-80	<80	t-test	A	B and C	t-test p value
	n = 166	n = 26	p value	n = 127	n = 65
Scales^†
Fatigue	21.0 ± 17.8	54.7 ± 25.9	< 0.001	22.0 ± 20.4	32.7 ± 24.1	0.001
Nutrition	10.8 ± 11.4	24.9 ± 22.0	< 0.001	10.9 ± 12.0	16.2 ± 17.1	0.02
Pain	11.6 ± 15.7	25.6 ± 20.7	0.003	12.3 ± 17.2	15.9 ± 16.8	0.17
Fever	4.3 ± 10.2	11.5 ± 23.0	0.003	3.5 ± 9.1	8.7 ± 17.7	0.02
Single items^†
Body Image 1(item33)	30.7 ± 29.6	55.1 ± 38.8	0.004	29.7 ± 30.3	42.6 ± 33.6	0.01
Body Image 2 (item35)	19.5 ± 26.5	32.1 ± 33.3	0.03	19.7 ± 25.3	24.1 ± 32.0	0.34
Jaundice 1 (item36)	1.2 ± 6.2	12.8 ± 28.4	0.04	0.8 ± 5.1	6.7 ± 19.7	0.02
Jaundice 2 (item37)	17.7 ± 23.4	51.3 ± 33.0	< 0.001	16.5 ± 23.7	33.3 ± 30.6	0.002
Abdominal swelling	14.1 ± 21.2	27.0 ± 34.0	0.07	13.1 ± 21.5	21.0 ± 26.7	0.04
Sexual interest	12.0 ± 24.1^‡	16.7 ± 31.6	0.47	9.3 ± 21.1^§	19.0 ± 30.9^‖	0.03

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified. * p < 0.05, ^†Higher score indicates worse QOL
^‡ missing in 7, ^§ missing in 5, ^‖ missing in 2.

ISSN: 1477-7525