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Table 3 Comparison of EQ-VAS Scores between Subgroups with Different Health Status: by Education Level for Patients Completing the Chinese EQ-5D-3L

From: The discriminative power of the EuroQol visual analog scale is sensitive to survey language in Singapore

 

No formal education (N = 134)

With formal education (N = 198)

 

N

Mean (SD)

Adjusted difference*

(p-value)

N

Mean (SD)

Adjusted difference*

(p-value)

BMI (kg/m2)

      

< 30

109

69.5 (17.1)

1.4

170

68.8 (16.1)

-4.1

≥ 30

18

66.9 (18.6)

(0.754)

24

73.5 (16.7)

(0.257)

Duration of DM

      

< 10 years

65

70.8 (18.0)

4.5

114

69.3 (17.1)

-1.4

≥ 10 years

69

66.4 (16.3)

(0.143)

84

69.5 (15.3)

(0.579)

Presence of complication

      

No

74

69.4 (18.9)

1.9

114

71.5 (16.7)

4.0

Yes

60

67.6 (14.9)

(0.538)

84

66.5 (15.3)

(0.104)

Presence of comorbidities

      

No

21

63.3 (14.5)

-6.0

40

71.0 (18.9)

0.9

Yes

113

69.5 (17.5)

(0.166)

158

68.9 (15.6)

(0.771)

  1. Notes: complications were conditions or diseases related to diabetes including stroke, ischemic heart disease, kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and eye disease; comorbidities included cancer, arthritis, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, asthma, lung conditions, liver conditions, mental disorders, urological disease, and ear, nose or throat diseases. * values are regression coefficients in multiple linear regression models in which the effects of administration mode, age, gender, employment status, and education using linear regression models are adjusted for.