Table 1 Characteristics of Patients
Patients completing the Chinese EQ-5D-3L (N = 335) | Patients completing the English EQ-5D-3L (N = 298) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age at survey, mean(SD) | 65.9 (9.0) | 59.2 (10.8) | < 0.001 |
Male, N (%) | 144 (43.1) | 157 (53.2) | 0.011 |
Ethnicity, N (%) | |||
Chinese | 335 (100) | 166 (56.1) | < 0.001 |
Malay/India/other | 0 (0) | 130 (43.9) | |
Employment status, N (%) | |||
Employed | 99 (29.6) | 140 (47.3) | < 0.001 |
Retired | 139 (41.5) | 86 (29.1) | |
Housekeeper/unemployed | 97 (28.9) | 70 (23.6) | |
Education attainment, N (%) | |||
No formal qualifications | 134 (40.4) | 31 (10.5) | < 0.001 |
Primary school education | 121 (36.4) | 59 (20.1) | |
Secondary school education | 61 (18.4) | 117 (39.8) | |
Tertiary education | 16 (4.8) | 87 (29.6) | |
BMI category | |||
Non-obese (BMI < 30), N (%) | 280 (87.0) | 233 (81.2) | 0.122 |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30), N (%) | 42 (13.0) | 54 (18.8) | |
Duration of diabetes | |||
< 10 years, N (%) | 180 (45.9) | 168 (56.9) | 0.466 |
≥ 10 years, N (%) | 153 (54.1) | 127 (43.1) | |
Presence of 1 or more diabetes-related complications, N (%) | 144 (43.0) | 112 (37.6) | 0.167 |
Presence of 1 or more comorbidities, N (%) | 271 (80.9) | 211 (70.8) | 0.003 |
Self-reported global heath | |||
Excellent/very good/good | 205 (61.2) | 215 (72.4) | 0.003 |
Fair/poor | 130 (38.8) | 82 (27.6) | |
EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 68.9 (16.7) | 69.9 (16.8) | 0.498 |
EQ-5D-3L index score, mean(SD) | 0.86 (0.18) | 0.87 (0.19) | 0.519 |
Administration mode | |||
Self-completion | 17 (5.1) | 87 (29.2) | < 0.001 |
Interviewer-administered | 318 (94.9) | 211 (70.8) |