|
Age at survey, mean(SD)
|
65.9 (9.0)
|
59.2 (10.8)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Male, N (%)
|
144 (43.1)
|
157 (53.2)
|
0.011
|
|
Ethnicity, N (%)
| | | |
|
Chinese
|
335 (100)
|
166 (56.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Malay/India/other
|
0 (0)
|
130 (43.9)
| |
|
Employment status, N (%)
| | | |
|
Employed
|
99 (29.6)
|
140 (47.3)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Retired
|
139 (41.5)
|
86 (29.1)
| |
|
Housekeeper/unemployed
|
97 (28.9)
|
70 (23.6)
| |
|
Education attainment, N (%)
| | | |
|
No formal qualifications
|
134 (40.4)
|
31 (10.5)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Primary school education
|
121 (36.4)
|
59 (20.1)
| |
|
Secondary school education
|
61 (18.4)
|
117 (39.8)
| |
|
Tertiary education
|
16 (4.8)
|
87 (29.6)
| |
|
BMI category
| | | |
|
Non-obese (BMI < 30), N (%)
|
280 (87.0)
|
233 (81.2)
|
0.122
|
|
Obese (BMI ≥ 30), N (%)
|
42 (13.0)
|
54 (18.8)
| |
|
Duration of diabetes
| | | |
|
< 10 years, N (%)
|
180 (45.9)
|
168 (56.9)
|
0.466
|
|
≥ 10 years, N (%)
|
153 (54.1)
|
127 (43.1)
| |
|
Presence of 1 or more diabetes-related complications, N (%)
|
144 (43.0)
|
112 (37.6)
|
0.167
|
|
Presence of 1 or more comorbidities, N (%)
|
271 (80.9)
|
211 (70.8)
|
0.003
|
|
Self-reported global heath
| | | |
|
Excellent/very good/good
|
205 (61.2)
|
215 (72.4)
|
0.003
|
|
Fair/poor
|
130 (38.8)
|
82 (27.6)
| |
|
EQ-VAS, mean (SD)
|
68.9 (16.7)
|
69.9 (16.8)
|
0.498
|
|
EQ-5D-3L index score, mean(SD)
|
0.86 (0.18)
|
0.87 (0.19)
|
0.519
|
|
Administration mode
| | | |
|
Self-completion
|
17 (5.1)
|
87 (29.2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Interviewer-administered
|
318 (94.9)
|
211 (70.8)
| |
