Table 3 Hierarchical multiple regression predicting the PCS scores

Constant

67.905

8.191

<0.001

51.636~84.174

Block 1. The Elderly’ Characteristics

0.034

0.034

Age

−0.075

−0.037

−1.124

0.261

−0.206~0.056

Sex

−0.015

0.000

−0.015

0.988

−2.005~1.975

Educational level

−1.180

−0.054

−1.597

0.111

−2.630~0.270

Marital status

0.230

0.021

0.679

0.498

−0.436~0.896

Income level

0.256

0.016

0.431

0.667

−0.910~1.422

Number of chronic diseases

−0.438

−0.022

−0.718

0.473

−1.636~0.760

ADL

0.112

0.081

1.980

0.048

0.001~0.223

Block 2. Caregivers’ Demographic Characteristics

0.103

0.069

Age

0.030

0.019

0.549

0.583

−0.078~0.139

Sex

0.594

0.017

0.573

0.567

−1.441~2.629

Educational level (<senior middle school=0; ≥senior middle school=1)

1.036

0.063

1.641

0.101

−0.203~2.275

Monthly household income of caregivers

1.685

0.101

2.662

0.008

0.443~2.927

Marital status (married=1;others=0)

−0.419

−0.026

−0.888

0.375

−1.345~0.507

Chronic disease (yes=1; no=0)

−3.747

−0.103

−3.428

0.001

−5.892~−1.602

Relationship to the patient

1.186

0.150

4.556

<0.001

0.675~1.697

Currently employed (yes=1; no=0)

3.279

0.087

2.454

0.014

0.657~5.901

Living with the elderly (yes=1; no=0)

−2.294

−0.066

−2.202

0.028

−4.338~−0.249

Block 3. Objective Caregiving Loads

0.129

0.026

Caregiving in assistance for daily living

−1.130

−0.060

−1.154

0.249

−3.053~0.792

Caregiving in assistance for housekeeping

−1.051

−0.055

−1.193

0.233

−2.779~0.678

Caregiving in assistance for transportation

0.967

0.054

1.269

0.205

−0.529~2.464

Caregiving in assistance for health care

−0.078

−0.004

−0.086

0.931

−1.844~1.689

Numbers of caregivers

−0.695

−0.097

−3.202

0.001

−1.121~−0.269

Time spent in caregiving everyday

−0.614

−0.044

−1.238

0.216

−1.587~0.359

Care duration

−0.007

−0.022

−0.727

0.468

−0.025~0.012

Block 4. Subjective Caregiver Burden

−0.428

−0.364

−12.049

<0.001

−0.497~−0.358

0.251

0.121

Block5. SOC

0.227

0.072

2.526

0.012

0.051~0.403

0.255

0.004