The proxy problem anatomized: child-parent disagreement in health related quality of life reports of chronically ill adolescents

Table 4 DCGM-10 results, mean (SD) or No. (%), n = 584 (unless indicated)

	ADOL LOW	AGREE	ADOL HIGH	df_M	df_R	F or H	p
Socio-demographic characteristics*
Gender (A)
Female	55 (56.1)	163 (54.2)	104 (56.2)	2	-	.243	ns
Gender (P)
Female	51 (54.8)	155 (54.2)	97 (55.4)	2	-	.068	ns
Age (A)	14.8 (1.9)	14.9 (1.9)	15.0 (1.9)	2	581	.192	ns
Educational level (A)
Lower	65 (67.0)^b	153 (51.3)	108 (58.4)	2	-	7.82	< .05
Educational level (P)
Lower	66 (72.5)^bc	168 (57.5)	104 (56.8)	2	-	7.42	< .05
Education type (A)
Regular	89 (91.8)	272 (91.3)	165 (89.2)	2	-	.744	ns
Ethnicity (A)
Dutch surname	88 (83.7)	274 (91.0)	165 (94.1)	2	-	2.00	ns
Disease-related characteristics*
Age at diagnosis (A)
Before age of six	82 (83.7)	212 (70.4)	134 (72.4)	2	-	3.14	ns
No. of outpatient visits	16.6 (12.8)	16.2 (14.4)	18.3 (18.0)	2	581	1.09	ns
No. hospital admissions	3.9 (5.8)	4.2 (5.9)	6.6 (15.0)^a	2	581	4.04	< .05
No. different outpatient departments	3.0 (2.0)	3.1 (2.3)	3.4 (2.3)	2	581	1.38	ns
Consequences of chronic condition*
Therapeutic regimen (A)
Yes	62 (63.3)	188 (62.5)	57 (30.8)	2	-	2.38	ns
Therapeutic regimen (P)
Yes	65 (66.3)	190 (63.1)	131 (70.8)	2	-	3.03	ns
Physical limitations (A)
Yes	28 (28.6)	88 (29.2)	49 (26.5)	2	-	.433	ns
Physical limitations (P)
Yes	14 (14.4)^c	63 (21.1)	56 (30.3)	2	-	10.20	< .01
School/work absenteeism (A)	1.8 (.79)	1.9 (.97)	1.9 (.85)	2	581	.801	ns
School/work absenteeism (P)	1.7 (.72)	1.9 (.89)	2.0 (.84)	2	577	2.83	ns
Experienced burden (A)	4.8 (2.3)	4.6 (2.1)	4.6 (2.1)	2	580	.640	ns
Experienced burden (P)	4.9 (2.1)^d	4.9 (2.1)	5.8 (2.0)^a	2	581	12.27	< .01

^aA Tukey post-hoc test revealed that this group differed significantly from the agreement group AGREE on a p < .05 level.
^bA Chi-square post-hoc test with Bonferonni correction revealed that this group differed significantly from the agreement group AGREE on a p < .017 level.
^cA Chi-square post-hoc test with Bonferonni correction revealed that this group differed significantly from the disagreement group ADOL HIGH on a p < .017 level.
^dA Tukey post-hoc test revealed that this group differed significantly from the disagreement group ADOL HIGH on a p < .01 level.
*(A) stands for information assessed in the adolescent questionnaire, while (P) stands for information coming from the parent questionnaire.

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