Table 4 Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses of influencing factors associated with EQ-5D-5L utility and EQ-VAS scores, respectively
Variable | EQ-5D-5L utility score | EQ-VAS score | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate Models | Multivariate Model | Univariate Models | Multivariate Model | ||||||
\(\beta \left(95\% \mathrm{CI}\right)\) | \(p\) | \(\beta \left(95\% \mathrm{CI}\right)\) | \(p\) | \(\beta \left(95\% \mathrm{CI}\right)\) | \(p\) | \(\beta \left(95\% \mathrm{CI}\right)\) | \(p\) | ||
Location | |||||||||
 Hospital A | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | |
 Hospital B | -0.071 (-0.128, -0.015) | 0.014 | 0.008 (-0.039, 0.055) | 0.739 | 2.947 (-1.069, 6.962) | 0.150 | 5.128 (1.036, 9.219) | 0.014 | |
 Hospital C | 0.006 (-0.038, 0.051) | 0.782 | 0.008 (-0.028, 0.043) | 0.660 | 1.625 (-1.549, 4.799) | 0.315 | 1.575 (-1.527, 4.677) | 0.319 | |
 Hospital D | -0.357 (-0.457, -0.257) |  < 0.001 | -0.253 (-0.336, -0.171) |  < 0.001 | -1.156 (-8.251, 5.938) | 0.749 | 1.025 (-6.227, 8.277) | 0.781 | |
Age, years | |||||||||
  < 60 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | |
 60–74 | -0.053 (-0.102, -0.005) | 0.032 | 0.011 (-0.027, 0.049) | 0.559 | -1.554 (-4.899, 1.790) | 0.362 | 0.250 (-3.056, 3.557) | 0.882 | |
  > 74 | -0.133 (-0.193, -0.072) |  < 0.001 | -0.013 (-0.061, 0.035) | 0.593 | -0.896 (-5.057, 3.266) | 0.673 | 2.260 (-1.925, 6.446) | 0.289 | |
Cardiovascular disease | |||||||||
 No | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | |
 Yes | -0.188 (-0.271, -0.105) |  < 0.001 | -0.068 (-0.133, -0.003) | 0.042 | -5.528 (-11.214, 0.158) | 0.057 | -4.501 (-10.215, 1.213) | 0.122 | |
Daily exercise, minutes | |||||||||
 None | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | |
  < 30 | 0.132 (0.080, 0.183) |  < 0.001 | 0.053 (0.012, 0.094) | 0.012 | 0.009 (-3.581, 3.599) | 0.996 | -1.032 (-4.632, 2.567) | 0.573 | |
\(\ge\) 30 | 0.122 (0.076, 0.167) |  < 0.001 | 0.046 (0.008, 0.083) | 0.017 | 2.154 (-1.015, 5.323) | 0.182 | 0.593 (-2.688, 3.874) | 0.723 | |
BMI,\(\mathrm{kg}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\) | |||||||||
  < 18.5 | -0.349 (-0.540, -0.159) |  < 0.001 | -0.159 (-0.306, -0.012) | 0.034 | -12.324 (-25.264, 0.616) | 0.062 | -10.066 (-22.922, 2.791) | 0.125 | |
 18.5–24 | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | Reference |  | |
 24–28 | -0.045 (-0.095, 0.004) | 0.073 | -0.029 (-0.067, 0.009) | 0.130 | -2.824 (-6.194, 0.546) | 0.100 | -2.546 (-5.849, 0.757) | 0.131 | |
  > 28 | -0.054 (-0.107, -0.001) | 0.045 | -0.026 (-0.067, 0.015) | 0.210 | -4.874 (-8.454, -1.294) | 0.008 | -4.768 (-8.332, -1.203) | 0.009 | |
KOOS-PS, per sda | -0.134 (-0.151, -0.118) |  < 0.001 | -0.102 (-0.119, -0.085) |  < 0.001 | -3.119 (-4.466, -1.772) |  < 0.001 | -2.479 (-3.975, -0.983) | 0.001 | |
Pain-VAS, per sdb | -0.089 (-0.108, -0.070) |  < 0.001 | -0.054 (-0.071, -0.038) |  < 0.001 | -2.676 (-4.031, -1.322) |  < 0.001 | -2.063 (-3.499, -0.626) | 0.005 | |