Table 5 Multivariable relationship between socio-demographic variables and health utility scores

Age (years)

−0.004 (-0.053, 0.033)

−0.011 (-0.092, 0.055)

−0.002 (-0.011, 0.002)

0.008 (-0.051, 0.034)

Gender

 Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Male

−0.039 (-0.110, 0.019)

−0.060 (-0.211, 0.067)

−0.022 (-0.072, 0.051)

0.036 (-0.119, 0.110)

Education^a

 High school or less

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 College

−0.028 (-0.094, 0.127)

−0.105 (-0.237, 0.022)

−0.015 (-0.065, 0.070)

−0.047 (-0.134, 0.015)

 University

−0.022 (-0.133, 0.016)

−0.131 (-0.253, -0.009)

−0.012 (-0.079, 0.073)

−0.074 (-0.142, 0.008)

 Post-graduate

−0.100 (-0.181, -0.018)

−0.116 (-0.152, -0.006)

−0.059 (-0.080, -0.007)

−0.040 (-0.127, -0.009)

Occupation^b

 Retired

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Employed

0.046 (-0.075, 0.057)

−0.047 (-0.134, 0.059)

0.025 (-0.171, 0.102)

−0.034 (-0.078, 0.049)

 Other

0.035 (-0.067, 0.063)

−0.015 (-0.117, 0.063)

0.017 (-0.024, 0.057)

−0.014 (-0.007, 0.037)

Household income^c

 <$40000

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ≥$40000 to < $80000

0.004 (-0.087, 0.019)

0.028 (-0.131, 0.045)

0.003 (-0.035, 0.093)

−0.020 (-0.088, 0.017)

 ≥$80000

−0.015 (-0.039, 0.000)

0.002 (-0.006, 0.008)

−0.007 (-0.011, 0.021)

−0.064 (-0.141, 0.010)