Table 3 Multivariate regression analysis of predicators of quality of life of nursing home residents using CLAD model

Age

  < 80

0.05

(−0.44, 0.54)

0.14

(−0.10, 0.38)

0.13

(−0.55, 0.80)

0.08

(−0.31, 0.46)

0.03

(−0.17, 0.23)

  ≥ 80

Gender

 Male

0.17

(−0.34, 0.69)

0.10

(−0.14, 0.34)

−0.42

(−1.10, 0.26)

0.26

(−0.74, 0.21)

0.11

(−0.09, 0.31)

 Female

Race

 Chinese

0.47

(−0.13, 1.08)

−0.06

(−0.40, 0.27)

0.04

(−0.76, 0.84)

0.58

(−0.01, 1.18)

0.13

(−0.16, 0.41)

 Non-Chinese

Marital Status

 With partner

−0.46

(−1.11, 0.18)

0.04

(−0.25, 0.34)

−0.25

(−1.19, 0.69)

0.13

(−0.51, 0.78)

−0.04

(−0.30, 0.21)

 No partner

Education

 No or low education

0.54

(−0.01, 1.08)

0.09

(−0.17, 0.35)

0.17

(−0.36, 1.37)

0.13

(−0.33, 0.60)

−0.12

(−0.34, 0.11)

 Higher education

Religion

 Religion

0.24

(−0.39, 0.88)

−0.06

(−0.43, 0.32)

−0.13

(−1.26, 0.90)

0.11

(−0.69, 0.91)

−0.02

(−0.37, 0.32)

 No religion

Length of stay

  < 2 years

0.21

(−0.43, 0.85)

−0.11

(−0.35, 0.13)

0.06

(−0.88, 1.26)

−0.26

(−0.74, 0.21)

0.06

(−0.14, 0.27)

  ≥ 2 years

Depression

 No depression

1.67

(0.71, 2.62)

0.75

(0.26, 1.23)

1.21

(0.13, 2.51)

0.68

(0.02, 1.38)

0.48

(0.07, 0.89)

 Minor depression

1.31

(0.29, 2.33)

0.40

(−0.15, 0.95)

1.13

(0.30, 2.54)

0.43

(−0.56, 1.43)

0.31

(−0.15, 0.77)

 Major depression

Comorbidities

  < 3

−0.16

(−0.66, 0.33)

−0.09

(−0.35, 0.17)

0.13

(−0.27, 1.37)

0.04

(−0.41, 0.48)

−0.17

(−0.39, 0.04)

  ≥ 3

ADL status

 Independent in 0–3 ADLs

−0.32

(−0.80, 0.16)

−0.16

(−0.40, 0.07)

−0.08

(−0.80, 0.34)

−0.32

(−0.80, −0.16)

−0.19

(−0.38, 0.01)

 Independent in 4–6 ADLs

AMT score

 AMT ≤6

−0.10

(−0.54, 0.34)

0.07

(−0.18, 0.31)

−0.42

(−1.06, −0.13)

−0.06

(−0.50, 0.38)

0.14

(−0.07, 0.34)

 AMT >6

Social contact

 With social contact

−0.33

(−0.96, 0.31)

0.01

(−0.29, 0.31)

0.29

(−0.46, 1.04)

0.08

(−0.51, 0.66)

0.02

(−0.24, 0.27)

 No or lack of social contact

History of being restrained

 Yes

−0.42

(−1.12, 0.27)

−0.03

(−0.40, 0.33)

−0.25

(1.15, −0.44)

−0.17

(−0.96, 0.62)

−0.14

(−0.47, 0.18)

 No

History of falls

 Yes

−0.27

(−0.87, 0.27)

−0.19

(−0.48, 0.09)

0.08

(−0.34, 1.01)

0.25

(−0.23, 0.72)

0.04

(−0.20, 0.28)

 No

Difficulty in communication with staff

 No difficulty

−0.12

(−0.80, 0.57)

0.95

(0.60, 1.29)

0.21

(−0.84, 1.31)

0.81

(0.24, 1.38)

0.50

(0.20, 0.80)

 Difficulty

Nursing homes

 1

−0.50

(−1.36, 0.36)

−0.69

(−1.10, −0.27)

−0.71

(−2.02, 0.60)

0.43

(−0.38, 1.25)

0.10

(−0.23, 0.44)

 2

0.08

(−0.84, 0.99)

−0.09

(−0.52, 0.34)

−0.13

(−1.43, 1.18)

0.57

(−0.21, 1.35)

−0.09

(−0.43, 0.26)

 3

0.50

(−0.78, 0.88)

−0.36

(−0.74, −0.02)

−0.33

(−1.43, 0.76)

−0.31

(−0.99, 0.38)

0.13

(−0.21, 0.46)

 4

−0.46

(−1.30, 0.37)

−0.19

(−0.62, 0.24)

−0.38

(−1.65, 0.90)

0.69

(0.15, 1.28)

−0.02

(−0.35, 0.32)

 5

−0.41

(−1.27, 0.44)

−0.04

(−0.46, 0.38)

0.08

(−1.20, 1.37)

0.30

(−0.41, 1.02)

0.21

(−0.13, 0.55)

 6

Pseudo R²

0.081

0.107

0.082

0.131

0.124