Table 3 Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability for the EMS
Author | Population and test procedures | Reliability data provided |
|---|---|---|
Inter-rater reliability | ||
Smith [22] | 15 inpatients or day hospital patients, 78 to 93 years were independently assessed by two assessors. | Inadequate data provided to estimate reliability. |
Prosser et al. [32] | 19 older acute medical patients aged 71 to 91 years, independently assessed by two assessors. Assessors were blinded to the other assessor scores. | Spearman's correlation coefficient between assessor scores, r = 0.88, p < 0.0001. |
Cuijpers et al. [31] | A video recorded assessment of 28 hospitalised frail older patients rated by two independent assessors (Dutch version of the EMS). Patient age was not provided in the English abstract. | Inter-rater reliability ICC 0.95 – 0.97 (p value not provided in the published abstract).* Bland and Altman limit of agreement of 3 points. |
Intra-rater reliability | ||
Cuijpers et al. [31] | A video recorded assessment of 28 hospitalised frail older patients rated by two independent assessors (Dutch version of the EMS). Patient age was not provided in the English abstract. | Intra-rater reliability ICC 0.97 (p value not provided in the published abstract).* Bland and Altman limit of agreement = 3 points. |