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Table 5 Paired t-test statistics for the VHI instrument. F, P, & E refer to Function, Physical, & Emotions subtests of the VHI, respectively.

From: Voice restoration following total laryngectomy by tracheoesophageal prosthesis: Effect on patients' quality of life and voice handicap in Jordan

 

Paired Difference

   

VHI pairs

Mean Difference

SD

Standard Error of Mean

95% Confidence

t

df

P

    

Lower

Upper

   

F1 – F2

21.92

10.09

2.91

15.51

28.32

7.53

11

<0.001

P1 – P2

17.00

8.83

2.54

11.39

22.61

6.67

11

<0.001

E1 – E2

18.42

10.46

3.02

11.77

25.06

6.10

11

<0.001

VHI1 – VHI2

57.33

25.58

7.38

41.08

73.59

7.76

11

<0.001

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Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

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