Association between sense of coherence and health-related quality of life among primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Table 2 Sense of coherence and major depression as predictors of pain specific outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain

Outcome (pain or HRQoL)	Adjusted (step 1) ^A				Adjusted (step 2) ^B				Adjusted (step 2) ^B
Outcome (pain or HRQoL)	*Strong SOC as the predictor*				*Strong SOC as the predictor*				*Absence of major depression as the predictor*
	Beta	SE	T-value	P	Beta	SE	T-value	P	Beta	SE	T-value	P
BPI severity	−.064	.233	−0.27	.784	.178	.241	0.74	.461	-.880	.271	−3.25	.001
BPI interference	−.576	.292	−1.97	.050	.018	.282	.06	.949	−2.16	.317	−6.82	<.0001
ASES pain self-efficacy	1.245	.272	4.58	<.0001	.702	.263	2.67	.008	1.98	.296	6.68	<.0001
CSQ pain catastrophizing	−5.36	1.035	−5.18	<.0001	−2.95	0.968	−3.04	.003	−8.79	1.09	−8.07	<.0001
SF-36 general health	11.059	3.408	3.24	.001	7.503	3.514	2.14	.034	12.943	3.954	3.27	.001
SF-36 vitality	14.784	2.673	5.53	<.0001	10.683	2.685	3.98	<.0001	14.923	3.020	4.94	<.0001
SF-36 social functioning	20.589	3.415	6.03	<.0001	12.924	3.226	4.01	<.0001	27.897	3.629	7.69	<.0001
SF-12 mental component	12.083	1.433	8.38	<.0001	8.280	1.298	6.38	<.0001	13.839	1.461	9.48	<.0001

^AStep 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race, sociodemographic disadvantage index, medical comorbidity.
^BStep 2: Adjusted for variables in step 1, plus major depression.
Note: SOC = Sense of Coherence; BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; ASES = Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale; CSQ = Catastrophizing Strategies Questionnaire; SF-36 = the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey; SF-12 =.

ISSN: 1477-7525