Table 2 Clinical and treatment related characteristics of studied patients
Variable, N = 319 | N(%) |
|---|---|
Type of Diabetes mellitus | |
 T1DM | 118(37.0) |
 T2DM | 201(63.0) |
Duration of DM (Years) Mean ± SD | 12.6 ± 8.3 |
 ≤ 1 | 10 (3.1) |
 > 1–5 | 47 (14.7) |
 > 5–10 | 89 (30.7) |
 > 10 | 164 (51.4) |
 Duration of Insulin therapy (Years) Mean ± SD | 10.0 ± 8.0 |
 ≤ 1 | 38 (11.9) |
 > 1–5 | 73 (22.9) |
 > 5–10 | 88 (27.6) |
 > 10 | 120 (37.6) |
Type of insulin patient currently taking | |
 Intermediate acting insulin (NPH) | 198(62.1) |
 Both NPH and regular/rapid acting insulin | 121(37.9) |
Frequency of insulin administration | |
 Once per day | 291(91.2) |
 Twice per day | 28(8.8) |
 Support for the injection | |
 Family member | 32(10) |
 Themselves | 263(82.1) |
 Both | 24(7.5) |
Non-pharmacological interventions practiced in addition to sugar restriction | |
 Exercise | 127(39.8) |
 Avoid fatty meals | 37(11.6) |
 Salt restrictions | 98(30.7) |
 Nothing | 57(17.9) |
 Patients taking metformin | 169(53.0%) |
 History of hypoglycemia | 302(94.7) |
 Injection-related complications like rash, swelling, or bleeding after using insulin | 103(32.3) |