Table 5 Factors associated with oral hygiene status among special needs students in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 443)

Age of the participant^&

0.91 (0.87, 0.95)

0.92 (0.79, 1.06)

0.264

Grade

1–4 grade

1

1

5–8 grade

1.34 (0.91, 1.96)

1.17 (0.51, 2.66)

0.713

9–12 grade

0.65 (0.38, 1.14)

0.57 (0.15, 2.08)

0.391

Religion

Orthodox

1

1

Catholic

0.57 (0.33, 0.98)

1.77 (0.61, 5.16)

0.293

Muslim

2.84 (1.69, 4.77)

1.55 (0.68, 3.53)

0.293

Protestant

1.31 (0.41, 4.15)

0.39 (0.04, 3.72)

0.416

Mother educational status

No education

1

1

Able to read and write

1.71 (1.13, 2.59)

3.85 (1.55, 9.53)

0.004**

Formal education

2.77 (1.59, 4.83)

4.56 (1.25, 16.58)

0.021*

Father educational status

No education

1

1

Able to read and write

0.90 (0.60, 1.36)

0.69 (0.30, 1.63)

0.404

Formal education

1.78 (1.09, 2.88)

1.63 (0.54, 4.94)

0.388

Family income

Less than 1000 ETB

1

1

1000-2500ETB

1.83 (1.13, 2.97)

1.32 (0.57, 3.07)

0.524

Greater than 2500 ETB

2.33 (1.31, 4.17)

0.89 (0.25, 3.12)

0.858

Frequency of carbohydrate foods

Never

1

1

Sometimes

0.89 (0.47, 1.68)

2.23 (0.61, 8.21)

0.227

Once a day

1.59 (0.78, 3.25)

2.23 (0.51, 9.76)

0.287

Twice a day

0.70 (0.35, 1.40)

1.44 (0.35, 5.91)

0.616

Three and more times a day

0.93 (0.40, 2.16)

6.63 (1.10, 39.79)

0.039*

Frequency of tooth brushing

Never

1

1

Sometimes

0.81 (0.52, 1.26)

0.60 (0.23, 1.53)

0.284

Once a day

1.41 (0.87, 2.29)

0.68 (0.23, 1.99)

0.480

Twice a day

0.93 (0.44, 1.92)

0.33 (0.06, 1.68)

0.181

Disability types

Visually impaired

1

1

Hearing impaired

2.17 (1.39, 3.38)

0 0.88 (0.35, 2.19)

0.782

Mental impaired

0.39 (0.25, 0.63)

0.15 (0.05, 0.48)

0.001**

Others^#

1.11 (0.51, 2.42)

1.15 (0.22, 6.03)

0.872

Sought dental care

No

1

1

Yes

2.02 (1.18, 3.46)

1.60 (0.78, 3.30)

0.201

Years lived with disability^&

0.92 (0.86, 0.96)

1.05 (0.92, 1.19)

0.485