Table 1 Cross-tabulation and chi-square test of oral hygiene status with the characteristics of special need school students in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2021 (n = 443)
Variables | Oral hygiene status | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Good n (%) | Fair n (%) | Poor n (%) | |||
Sex | Male | 41 (17.3) | 88 (37.1) | 108 (45.6) | 0.181 |
Female | 46 (22.3) | 61 (29.6) | 99 (48.1) | ||
Age | 7–12 | 29 (38.6) | 23 (30.7) | 23 (30.7) | 0.001 |
13–18 | 48 (16.8) | 98 (34.4) | 139 (48.8) | ||
> 18 | 10 (12.1) | 28 (33.7) | 45 (54.2) | ||
Location of the participants | Gondar | 23 (25.0) | 29 (31.5) | 40 (43.5) | 0.182 |
Bahir Dar | 14 (9.7) | 60 (41.7) | 70 (48.6) | ||
Debre Markos | 12 (9.0) | 40 (30.1) | 81 (60.9) | ||
Dessie | 38 (51.4) | 20 (27.0) | 16 (21.6) | ||
Grade Level | 1–4 | 45 (19.1) | 78 (33.0) | 113 (47.9) | 0.150 |
5–8 | 36 (24.2) | 52 (34.9) | 61 (40.9) | ||
9–12 | 6 (10.3) | 19 (32.8) | 33 (56.9) | ||
Religion | Orthodox | 54 (17.5) | 107 (34.6) | 148 (47.9) | 0.001 |
Catholic | 7 (11.1) | 17 (27.0) | 39 (61.9) | ||
Muslim | 25 (40.3) | 20 (32.3) | 17 (27.4) | ||
Protestant | 1 (11.1) | 5 (55.6) | 3 (33.3) | ||
Mother educational status | No education | 40 (15.6) | 79 (30.7) | 138 (53.7) | 0.003 |
Able to read and write | 26 (23.0) | 42 (37.2) | 45 (39.8) | ||
Formal education | 17 (32.7) | 20 (38.5) | 15 (28.8) | ||
Father educational status | No education | 37 (18.8) | 66 (33.5) | 94 (47.7) | 0.124 |
Able to read and write | 24 (16.9) | 47 (33.1) | 71 (50.0) | ||
Formal education | 23 (29.1) | 29 (36.7) | 27 (34.2) | ||
Disability types | Visual impairment | 21 (16.2) | 52 (40.0) | 57 (43.8) | 0.001 |
Hearing impairment | 54 (36.3) | 48 (32.2) | 47 (31.5) | ||
Mental problem | 6 (4.4) | 40 (29.2) | 91 (66.4) | ||
Other* | 6 (22.2) | 9 (33.3) | 12 (44.4) | ||
Monthly family income | Less than 1000 | 141 (51.3)) | 84(30.5) | 50 (18.2)) | 0.006 |
1000–2500 | 22 (32.4) | 30 (44.1) | 16 (23.5) | ||
Above 2500 | 15 (31.91) | 16 (34.04) | 16 (34.04) | ||
Tooth brushing | Never | 17 (16.0) | 42 (39.6) | 47 (44.3) | 0.151 |
Sometimes | 32 (17.3) | 56 (30.3) | 97 (52.4) | ||
Once a day | 30 (25.6) | 42 (35.9) | 45 (38.5) | ||
Twice a day | 8 (22.9) | 9 (25.7) | 18 (51.4) | ||
Self-reported dental health problem | No | 43 (18.0) | 89 (37.2) | 107 (44.8) | 0.207 |
Yes | 44 (21.6) | 60 (29.4) | 100 (49.0) | ||
Dental caries | Yes | 25 (13.6) | 54 (29.3) | 105 (57.1) | 0.001 |
No | 62 (23.9) | 95 (36.7) | 102 (39.4) | ||
Sought dental care | No | 10 (12.4) | 24 (29.6) | 47 (58.0) | 0.022 |
Yes | 34 (27.6) | 36 (29.3) | 53 (43.1) | ||
Frequency of carbohydrate foods | Never | 9 (21.9) | 13 (31.7) | 19 (46.3) | 0.077 |
Sometimes | 39 (19.7) | 62 (31.3) | 97 (49.0) | ||
Once a day | 16 (23.2) | 33 (47.8) | 20 (29.0) | ||
Twice a day | 18 (17.8) | 27 (26.7) | 56 (55.5) | ||
Three and more times a day | 5 (14.7) | 14 (41.2) | 15 (44.1) | ||