Table 5 Main characteristics of the technological devices and of the intervention in RAT (n = 52) and RAT plus VR (n = 18) studies

Robot typology, n (%^a)

 Exoskeleton

31 (59.6)

8 (44.4)

39 (55.7)

 End-effector

21 (40.4)

8 (44.4)

29 (41.4)

 Soft-robotics

–

3 (16.6)

3 (4.3)

Targeted extremities, n (%)

 Upper Limbs

15 (28.8)

13 (72.2)

28 (40.0)

 Lower Limbs

37 (71.2)

4 (22.2)

41 (58.6)

 Both

–

1 (5.6)

1 (1.4)

Intervention, mean ± SD (range)

 Overall duration (weeks)

6.5 ± 3.7 (2–24)

4.8 ± 1.5 (3–8)

6.0 ± 3.3 (2–24)

 n. of sessions

22.0 ± 10.2 (6–60)

19.6 ± 8.9 (8–40)

21.4 ± 9.9 (6–60)

 Session duration (min)

60.1 ± 30.9 (20–180)

55.7 ± 39.7 (30–180)

58.9 ± 33.4 (20–180)