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Table 6 Known-groups validity of the EQ-5D-5L (Hungarian value set) and 15D (Norwegian value set)

From: A head-to-head comparison of the EQ-5D-5L and 15D descriptive systems and index values in a general population sample

 

n (%)

EQ-5D-5L

15D

REb

95% CIc

Mean (SD)

Median (Q1–Q3)

p valuea

Cohen’s d ES

Mean (SD)

Median (Q1–Q3)

p valuea

Cohen’s d ES

Healthy

383 (20.3)

0.95 (0.10)

1.0 (0.96–1.00)

–

–

0.90 (0.20)

0.97 (0.89 to 1.00)

–

–

–

–

Physical conditions

 Hypertension

527 (27.9)

0.80 (0.27)

0.89 (0.76–0.97)

< 0.001

1.233

0.75 (0.22)

0.80 (0.63 to 0.93)

< 0.001

1.064

1.031

0.863–1.295

 Musculoskeletal diseases

461 (24.4)

0.75 (0.28)

0.84 (0.71–0.92)

< 0.001

1.366

0.71 (0.22)

0.76 (0.59 to 0.89)

< 0.001

1.190

1.054

0.900–1.280

 Allergies

318 (16.9)

0.84 (0.22)

0.92 (0.80–1.00)

< 0.001

1.596

0.76 (0.22)

0.82 (0.65 to 0.93)

< 0.001

1.410

1.022

0.818–1.354

 Cardiovascular disease

259 (13.7)

0.72 (0.30)

0.83 (0.63–0.92)

< 0.001

2.592

0.65 (0.22)

0.68 (0.48 to 0.84)

< 0.001

2.303

1.002

0.855–1.195

 Gastrointestinal or hepatic disease

241 (12.8)

0.77 (0.28)

0.88 (0.71–0.96)

< 0.001

2.685

0.69 (0.22)

0.75 (0.57 to 0.89)

< 0.001

2.386

1.013

0.848–1.252

 Hyperlipidaemia

240 (12.7)

0.79 (0.28)

0.88 (0.76–0.96)

< 0.001

1.655

0.71 (0.22)

0.76 (0.58 to 0.89)

< 0.001

1.468

0.977

0.810–1.221

 Eye or visual diseases

231 (12.2)

0.76 (0.27)

0.84 (0.70–0.93)

< 0.001

2.739

0.64 (0.22)

0.65 (0.49 to 0.86)

< 0.001

2.434

0.902

0.763–1.083

 Diabetes

205 (10.9)

0.77 (0.31)

0.88 (0.71–0.97)

< 0.001

1.890

0.72 (0.22)

0.77 (0.59 to 0.93)

< 0.001

1.684

1.146

0.938–1.483

 Gastroesophageal reflux disease

186 (9.9)

0.77 (0.29)

0.88 (0.71–0.96)

< 0.001

1.886

0.71 (0.22)

0.76 (0.57 to 0.90)

< 0.001

1.682

1.128

0.917–1.455

 Respiratory diseases

175 (9.3)

0.80 (0.28)

0.89 (0.77–0.96)

< 0.001

3.099

0.70 (0.22)

0.75 (0.57 to 0.89)

< 0.001

2.751

0.933

0.753–1.196

 Arrhythmias

172 (9.1)

0.74 (0.26)

0.83 (0.66–0.92)

< 0.001

1.826

0.64 (0.22)

0.67 (0.47 to 0.83)

< 0.001

1.629

1.066

0.880–1.311

 Thyroid diseases

171 (9.1)

0.80 (0.26)

0.89 (0.76–0.96)

< 0.001

1.726

0.74 (0.22)

0.79 (0.65 to 0.91)

< 0.001

1.538

1.185

0.954–1.583

 Skin diseases

166 (8.8)

0.80 (0.29)

0.92 (0.79–0.96)

< 0.001

3.167

0.72 (0.22)

0.78 (0.59 to 0.92)

< 0.001

2.811

1.007

0.815–1.298

 Headache, migraine

139 (7.4)

0.75 (0.31)

0.86 (0.70–0.96)

< 0.001

3.396

0.67 (0.22)

0.74 (0.52 to 0.90)

< 0.001

3.008

1.090

0.890–1.374

 Hearing impairment

133 (7.1)

0.75 (0.30)

0.85 (0.65–0.96)

< 0.001

2.332

0.68 (0.22)

0.76 (0.54 to 0.87)

< 0.001

2.086

1.171

0.957–1.487

 Benign prostate hyperplasia

88 (4.7)

0.81 (0.24)

0.89 (0.80–0.96)

< 0.001

2.276

0.71 (0.22)

0.76 (0.59 to 0.89)

< 0.001

2.040

1.120

0.832–1.515

 Urinary incontinence

71 (3.8)

0.67 (0.34)

0.80 (0.53–0.93)

< 0.001

2.676

0.62 (0.22)

0.68 (0.42 to 0.80)

< 0.001

2.396

1.302

1.049–1.651

 Cancer, leukemia, lymphoma

46 (2.4)

0.75 (0.30)

0.88 (0.62–0.96)

< 0.001

2.473

0.66 (0.22)

0.72 (0.48 to 0.86)

< 0.001

2.219

1.300

0.958–1.835

 Chronic kidney disease

29 (1.5)

0.73 (0.30)

0.83 (0.58–0.92)

< 0.001

2.690

0.64 (0.22)

0.68 (0.52 to 0.82)

< 0.001

2.412

1.456

1.028–2.074

 Epilepsy

17 (0.9)

0.69 (0.35)

0.83 (0.59–0.96)

0.006

3.069

0.58 (0.22)

0.57 (0.38 to 0.85)

0.006

2.745

1.428

0.891–2.240

 Liver cirrhosis

14 (0.7)

0.68 (0.38)

0.79 (0.56–0.99)

0.018

2.460

0.56 (0.22)

0.54 (0.36 to 0.89)

0.018

2.210

1.407

0.996–1.903

 Other physical health conditions

92 (4.9)

0.76 (0.27)

0.85 (0.65–0.96)

< 0.001

3.029

0.72 (0.22)

0.77 (0.58 to 0.86)

< 0.001

2.701

1.454

1.105–1.962

Mental conditions

 Smoking addiction

381 (20.2)

0.83 (0.25)

0.92 (0.80–0.97)

< 0.001

1.563

0.75 (0.22)

0.82 (0.65 to 0.93)

< 0.001

1.376

1.003

0.824–1.297

 Anxiety, phobia, or panic disorder

172 (9.1)

0.71 (0.29)

0.80 (0.61–0.92)

< 0.001

3.121

0.57 (0.22)

0.62 (0.37 to 0.79)

< 0.001

2.771

0.934

0.790–1.128

 Sleeping disorders

169 (9.0)

0.70 (0.30)

0.80 (0.62–0.91)

< 0.001

1.809

0.61 (0.22)

0.66 (0.42 to 0.82)

< 0.001

1.613

1.068

0.887–1.302

 Other addictionsd

98 (5.2)

0.79 (0.26)

0.88 (0.77–0.96)

< 0.001

4.360

0.68 (0.22)

0.76 (0.56 to 0.92)

< 0.001

3.816

1.156

0.847–1.584

 Depression or dysthymia

79 (4.2)

0.62 (0.32)

0.70 (0.50–0.85)

< 0.001

4.089

0.50 (0.22)

0.55 (0.33 to 0.67)

< 0.001

3.594

1.072

0.861–1.334

 Alcohol addiction

73 (3.9)

0.79 (0.26)

0.89 (0.69–0.96)

< 0.001

2.526

0.63 (0.22)

0.72 (0.47 to 0.84)

< 0.001

2.264

0.988

0.723–1.322

 Substance addiction

55 (2.9)

0.70 (0.36)

0.88 (0.57–0.96)

0.002

3.027

0.58 (0.22)

0.72 (0.26 to 0.93)

0.002

2.708

1.354

0.833–2.134

 Sexual disorder

40 (2.1)

0.74 (0.29)

0.83 (0.65–0.96)

< 0.001

1.649

0.57 (0.22)

0.63 (0.42 to 0.73)

< 0.001

1.475

1.017

0.738–1.330

 Bipolar depression

35 (1.9)

0.67 (0.30)

0.76 (0.53–0.87)

< 0.001

1.722

0.53 (0.22)

0.58 (0.32 to 0.73)

< 0.001

1.542

1.253

0.933–1.647

 Personality disorder

31 (1.6)

0.61 (0.30)

0.70 (0.45–0.83)

< 0.001

2.096

0.42 (0.22)

0.46 (0.26 to 0.64)

< 0.001

1.883

1.197

0.898–1.596

 Learning disability

28 (1.5)

0.76 (0.30)

0.88 (0.64–0.97)

0.002

2.280

0.60 (0.22)

0.73 (0.31 to 0.93)

0.002

2.048

1.145

0.710–1.696

 Eating disorder

26 (1.4)

0.69 (0.35)

0.83 (0.59–0.92)

< 0.001

2.288

0.56 (0.22)

0.69 (0.22 to 0.83)

< 0.001

2.055

1.251

0.886–1.702

 Obsessive compulsive disorder

21 (1.1)

0.58 (0.35)

0.76 (0.50–0.83)

< 0.001

1.822

0.36 (0.22)

0.44 (0.08 to 0.63)

< 0.001

1.634

1.157

0.736–1.703

 Dementia

18 (1.0)

0.47 (0.29)

0.50 (0.25–0.62)

< 0.001

2.229

0.37 (0.22)

0.33 (0.11 to 0.58)

< 0.001

2.004

1.672

1.222–2.373

 Psychotic disorders

17 (0.9)

0.66 (0.38)

0.76 (0.57–0.91)

0.005

2.257

0.37 (0.22)

0.33 (0.06 to 0.67)

0.005

2.029

0.972

0.507–1.562

 Post-traumatic stress disorder

14 (0.7)

0.55 (0.27)

0.58 (0.51–0.73)

< 0.001

1.725

0.30 (0.22)

0.34 (0.06 to 0.48)

< 0.001

1.546

1.252

0.845–1.709

 Impulse-control disorder

14 (0.7)

0.64 (0.36)

0.71 (0.42–0.95)

0.006

2.220

0.42 (0.22)

0.32 (0.25 to 0.66)

0.006

1.995

1.142

0.646–1.765

 Autism spectrum disorder

11 (0.6)

0.57 (0.33)

0.70 (0.45–0.82)

0.003

2.536

0.31 (0.22)

0.36 (− 0.02 to 0.60)

0.003

2.278

1.216

0.699–1.888

 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

10 (0.5)

0.55 (0.35)

0.64 (0.34–0.81)

0.005

2.335

0.29 (0.22)

0.24 (0.01 to 0.57)

0.005

2.099

1.230

0.706–1.816

  1. CI confidence interval, ES effect size, RE relative efficiency
  2. aStudent’s t test compared to the healthy subgroup, where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  3. bRelative efficiency compared to 15D
  4. c2000 bootstrap samples with accelerated bias correction
  5. dIncludes gambling or other addictions
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