Item distribution, scalability and internal consistency of the QUALIDEM quality of life assessment for patients with dementia in acute hospital settings

Table 5 Floor and ceiling effects for QUALIDEM subscales and total score, for patients with mild to severe dementia (n = 344) and patients with very severe dementia (n = 182)

Item Nr	Subscale (Item)	Mild to severe dementia		Very severe dementia
Item Nr	Subscale (Item)	Flooring (%)	Ceiling (%)	Flooring (%)	Ceiling (%)
A	Care relationship	0.6	34.9*	6.6	9.9
B	Positive affect	4.4	20.9*	19.8*	8.2
C	Negative affect	0.0	27.0*	1.1	26.9*
D	Restless tense behavior	0.9	39.8*	2.7	24.2*
E	Positive self-image	0.0	36.3*	–	–
F	Social relations	0.6	3.8	2.7	1.1
G	Social isolation	0.9	21.8*	0.5	17.0*
H	Feeling at home	0.3	5.8	–	–
I	Having something to do	20.9*	2.9	–	–
Total	QUALIDEM-score	0.0	5.5	0.0	4.4

^*Effects were considered significant if the proportion of floor or ceiling effects exceeded 15%

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