Table 2 Proportion of missing values and factor loadings for GES

First-order factor

Second-order factor

Knowledge and Understanding

1. I know and understand my medical condition

7 (0.8)

0.718

0.723

2. I know what to do to stay healthy

3 (0.4)

0.775

0.765

3. I know when to contact healthcare providers for my medical condition

4 (0.5)

0.632

0.639

Personal Control

4. I have the skills to manage my medical condition in daily life

3 (0.4)

0.779

0.773

5. I have a sense of control over my health

6 (0.7)

0.682

0.683

6. I am active in maintaining my health

0 (0)

0.515

0.523

Identity

7. My medical condition is a part of who I am as a person

1 (0.1)

0.692

0.701

8. Living with my medical condition makes me stronger as a person

3 (0.4)

0.610

0.595

9. I have given my medical condition a place in my life

5 (0.6)

0.642

0.646

Shared decision-making

10. I am capable of expressing to my healthcare providers what is important to me

1 (0.1)

0.715

0.713

11. I actively participate in discussions with my health care providers about my health

4 (0.5)

0.720

0.719

12. I am capable of making decisions about my health and health care with the healthcare providers

2 (0.2)

0.760

0.762

Enabling Others

13. I have the skills to support other people with a similar medical condition

3 (0.4)

0.864

0.863

14. I am able to give helpful advice to people who are struggling with a similar medical condition

5 (0.6)

0.853

0.853

15. I can help other people by sharing how I keep myself well

1 (0.1)

0.756

0.757