From: Impact of long-COVID on health-related quality of life in Japanese COVID-19 patients
 | All | Propensity score weighted | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No symptom | Any symptom | SMD | Variance ratio | No symptom | Any symptom | SMD | Variance ratio | |
Number | 349 | 108 | Â | Â | 296 | 95 | Â | Â |
Age | 47 [48, 39–55] | 47 [47, 40–54] | 0.001 | 1.207 | 46.3 [11.0] | 46.0 [10.0] | 0.028 | 1.198 |
Male | 188 (53.9) | 38 (35.2) | < 0.383 | 1.083 | 147.7 (49.9) | 47.4 (49.9) | 0.003 | 1.0 |
BMI | 23.7 [23.2, 21.1–25.6] | 23.9 [23.4, 20.9–26.9] | 0.163 | 1.646 | 23.8 [4.1] | 23.6 [4.4] | 0.037 | 1.165 |
Smoking | 130 (37.2) | 38 (35.5) | 0.036 | 1.014 | 103 (34.8) | 33.4 (35.2) | 0.004 | 1.0 |
Drinking | 290 (83.1) | 86 (79.6) | 0.089 | 1.162 | 246 (83.1) | 79.7 (83.9) | 0.008 | 1.0 |
Hypertension | 52 (14.9) | 14 (13.0) | 0.056 | 1.117 | 39.1 (13.2) | 12.5 (13.2) | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Diabetes | 23 (6.6) | 5 (4.6) | 0.085 | 1.385 | 16.6 (5.6) | 4.9 (5.2) | 0.004 | 1.0 |
COPD | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.132 | NA | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA | NA |
Malignancy | 6 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.187 | NA | 3.8 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.013 | 1.0 |
Days from symptom onset/diagnosis to the survey* | 248.9 [249.0, 148.0–357.0] | 250.8 [243.0, 150.0–367.0] | 0.018 | 1.125 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Inpatient* | 195 (56.0) | 63 (58.3) | 0.046 | 1.007 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Use of antivirals | 62 (18.8) | 22 (20.8) | 0.049 | 1.085 | 49.7 (16.8) | 16.7 (17.6) | 0.007 | 1.0 |
Use of steroids | 40 (12.8) | 13 (13.3) | 0.013 | 1.037 | 39.4 (13.3) | 12.7 (13.4) | 0.001 | 1.0 |
Severe disease†| 7 (2.1) | 6 (5.6) | 0.183 | 2.619 | 7.1 (2.4) | 2.2 (2.3) | 0.001 | 1.0 |
Oxygen support* | 44 (12.6) | 13 (13.3) | 0.027 | 1.10 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
EQ-VAS | 85 [85, 75–90] | 70.4 [70, 60–80] | 0.810 | 1.412 | 82.8 [13.0] | 69.9 [17.3] | 0.891 | 1.773 |
EQ-5D-3L index score | 0.98 [1.0, 1.0–1.0] | 0.91 [0.81, 0.77–1.0] | 0.845 | 2.659 | 0.96 [0.09] | 0.85 [0.16] | 0.914 | 3.190 |