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Table 1 Characteristics of participants before and after propensity score weighting

From: Impact of long-COVID on health-related quality of life in Japanese COVID-19 patients

 

All

Propensity score weighted

No symptom

Any symptom

SMD

Variance ratio

No symptom

Any symptom

SMD

Variance ratio

Number

349

108

  

296

95

  

Age

47 [48, 39–55]

47 [47, 40–54]

0.001

1.207

46.3 [11.0]

46.0 [10.0]

0.028

1.198

Male

188 (53.9)

38 (35.2)

< 0.383

1.083

147.7 (49.9)

47.4 (49.9)

0.003

1.0

BMI

23.7 [23.2, 21.1–25.6]

23.9 [23.4, 20.9–26.9]

0.163

1.646

23.8 [4.1]

23.6 [4.4]

0.037

1.165

Smoking

130 (37.2)

38 (35.5)

0.036

1.014

103 (34.8)

33.4 (35.2)

0.004

1.0

Drinking

290 (83.1)

86 (79.6)

0.089

1.162

246 (83.1)

79.7 (83.9)

0.008

1.0

Hypertension

52 (14.9)

14 (13.0)

0.056

1.117

39.1 (13.2)

12.5 (13.2)

0.0

1.0

Diabetes

23 (6.6)

5 (4.6)

0.085

1.385

16.6 (5.6)

4.9 (5.2)

0.004

1.0

COPD

3 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

< 0.132

NA

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

NA

NA

Malignancy

6 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

0.187

NA

3.8 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

0.013

1.0

Days from symptom onset/diagnosis to the survey*

248.9 [249.0, 148.0–357.0]

250.8 [243.0, 150.0–367.0]

0.018

1.125

NA

NA

NA

NA

Inpatient*

195 (56.0)

63 (58.3)

0.046

1.007

NA

NA

NA

NA

Use of antivirals

62 (18.8)

22 (20.8)

0.049

1.085

49.7 (16.8)

16.7 (17.6)

0.007

1.0

Use of steroids

40 (12.8)

13 (13.3)

0.013

1.037

39.4 (13.3)

12.7 (13.4)

0.001

1.0

Severe disease†

7 (2.1)

6 (5.6)

0.183

2.619

7.1 (2.4)

2.2 (2.3)

0.001

1.0

Oxygen support*

44 (12.6)

13 (13.3)

0.027

1.10

NA

NA

NA

NA

EQ-VAS

85 [85, 75–90]

70.4 [70, 60–80]

0.810

1.412

82.8 [13.0]

69.9 [17.3]

0.891

1.773

EQ-5D-3L index score

0.98 [1.0, 1.0–1.0]

0.91 [0.81, 0.77–1.0]

0.845

2.659

0.96 [0.09]

0.85 [0.16]

0.914

3.190

  1. Mean [median, interquartile range/standard deviation] for continuous variables, number (%) for categorical variables
  2. SMD standardized mean difference, BMI Body Mass Index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  3. *Not included in calculating propensity score
  4. †Use of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during admission