Table 1 Demographic and T1DM-related characteristics of participants, by method of insulin administration

Age, median (25%–75%)

20.0 (18.2–22.0)

31.0 (25.0–40.0)

 < 0.01

Female gender, N (%)

12 (60.0)

43 (64.2)

0.18

Pregnancy for female, N (%)

Not pregnant at the time of the study

8 (40.0)

24 (35.8)

0.62

Education

Higher education

Less than higher education

6 (14.0)

14 (31.8)

37 (86.0)

30 (68.2)

0.07

Living conditions

Not alone

Alone

18 (24.0)

2 (16.7)

57 (76.0)

10 (83.3)

0.73

BMI,

median (25%–75%)

24.8 (21.6 – 29.4)

23.5 (20.8 – 26.5)

0.19

Income

 ≤ 600 Euro/month

 > 600 Euro/month

13 (44.8)

7 (14.9)

16 (55.2)

40 (85.1)

 < 0.01

Years with T1DM,

median (25%–75%)

14.0 (12.0 – 17.8)

14.0 (9.0 – 23.0)

0.73

T1DM expenses

 ≤ 100 Euro/month

 > 100 Euro-month

1 (2.1)

18 (48.6)

46 (97.9)

19 (51.4)

 < 0.01

Hypoglycemia — week,

median (25%–75%)

3.0 (2.0 – 5.0)

3.0 (1.0 – 5.0)

0.52

Hypoglycemia — half-year, median (25%–75%)

1.2 (0.0 – 32.7)

0.0 (0.0 – 6.0)

0.16

Number of HbA1c tests in 2020, N (%)

0

1

2

3

4

3 (50.0)

9 (24.3)

4 (19.0)

2 (18.2)

2 (16.7)

3 (50.0)

28 (75.7)

17 (81.0)

9 (81.8)

10 (83.3)

0.54

HbA1c at the last medical check, mean ± SD

11.1 ± 13.6

7.7 ± 2.2

0.20

HbA1c < 7, N (%)

 < 7

 ≥ 7

5 (14.7)

14 (27.5)

29 (85.3)

37 (72.5)

0.19