Table 11 Results of studies assessing construct validity of the instruments included in the review
Instrument | Validity study type | N (DMD subsample) | Mean (SD) Age (DMD subsample) | % Female (DMD subsample) | Country | Results consistent with reviewer hypotheses | Rating | Quality of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CSI | Known groups [7] | 80 | 57 (6.8) | 69 | Netherlands | 0 out of 1 | − | Very low |
DUKE | Convergent [36] | 126 | 43 (6.1) | 57.14 | Taiwan | 3 out of 4 | + | High |
Known groups [40] | 113 (55 DMD) | 45.89 (7.27) (DMD 44.87 (7.23)) | 57.52 (DMD 56.36) | Taiwan | 0 out of 1 | − | ||
EQ-5D-3L | Known groups [31] | 770 | 44 (8) | 79 | Germany, Italy, UK, US | 13 out of 18 | − | Low |
ESS | Known groups [45] | 70 (35 DMD) | 46.3 (1.3) for DMD carers | 100 | Brazil | 1 out of 2 | − | Low |
FAPGAR | Convergent [36] | 126 | 43 (6.1) | 57.14 | Taiwan | 3 out of 4 | + | High |
Known groups [40] | 113 (55 DMD) | 45.89 (7.27) (DMD 44.87 (7.23)) | 57.52 (DMD 56.36) | Taiwan | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
HADS (Anxiety) | Convergent [7] | 80 | 57 (6.8) | 69 | Netherlands | 2 out of 2 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
HADS (Depression) | Convergent [7] | 80 | 57 (6.8) | 69 | Netherlands | 1 out of 1 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
PAS | Convergent [51] | 205 at baseline (147 at year 1, 144 at year 2) | 44 (8.7) | 100 | USA | 3 out of 8 | − | Very low |
PedsQL FIM | Known groups [49] | 15 | 41.7 (not reported) | 60 | China | 1 out of 2 | − | Very low |
PSQI | Known groups [52] | 64 (32 DMD) | 46.2 (8.1) for DMD carers | 100 | Brazil | 1 out of 1 | + | Moderate |
Known groups [45] | 70 (35 DMD) | 46.3 (1.3) for DMD carers | 100 | Brazil | 0 out of 1 | − | ||
PSS | Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | Low |
QRS | Convergent [53] | 36 | 43.04 (5.52) | 69.44 | Canada | 3 out of 3 | + | Moderate |
Convergent [54] | 56 (17 DMD) | 43.4 (4.5) for DMD carers | 64.29 (82.35 for DMD) | Canada | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SCL-90-R | Convergent [56] | 35 | NR | 91.43 | USA | 6 out of 8 | + | Very low |
SF-12 (MCS) | Known groups [31] | 770 | 44 (8) | 79 | Germany, Italy, UK, US | 2 out of 3 | − | Low |
SF-36 (BP/Pain) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 5 out of 8 | − | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (E|F/VT) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 5 out of 8 | − | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (EW/MH) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 6 out of 8 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (GH) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 6 out of 8 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (MCS) | Convergent [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 2 out of 4 | − | Low |
SF-36 (PCS) | Convergent [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 4 out of 4 | + | Low |
SF-36 (PF) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 8 out of 8 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (RE) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 8 out of 8 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (RP) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 7 out of 8 | + | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SF-36 (SF) | Convergent + known groups [33] | 62 (53 DMD) | 40.1 (8.8) for DMD carers | 66.13 (62.2 DMD) | Taiwan | 4 out of 8 | − | High |
Known groups [32] | 82 (71 DMD) | 40.40 (6.98) | 100 | USA | 1 out of 1 | + | ||
SNQ (Subscale A) | Convergent [46] | 336 (246 DMD) | 41.2 (6.2) for DMD carers | 84.2 (83.3 DMD) | Italy | 1 out of 3 | − | Very low |
STAI-X (state) | Known groups [55] | 37 (17 DMD) | 37.68 (8) for DMD carers | 100 | Turkey | 0 out of 1 | − | Very low |
STAI-X (trait) | Known groups [55] | 37 (17 DMD) | 37.68 (8) for DMD carers | 100 | Turkey | 0 out of 1 | − | Very low |
SWLS | Convergent [54] | 56 (17 DMD) | 43.4 (4.5) for DMD carers | 64.29 (82.35 for DMD) | Canada | 1 out of 1 | + | Very low |
WHOQOL-BREF | Convergent [58] | 31 | 38 (not reported) | 83.87 | Brazil | 1 out of 3 | − | Moderate |
Convergent + known groups [57] | 30 | 39.20 (8.32) | 93.3 | Brazil | 5 out of 6 | + | ||
Known groups [34] | 90 (67 DMD) | 42.9 (8.7) | 90 | South Korea | 0 out of 1 | − | ||
ZBI (22 item) | Convergent [58] | 31 | 38 (not reported) | 83.87 | Brazil | 2 out of 3 | − | Low |
Convergent [59] | 35 | 38.7 (8.2) | 91.4 | Brazil | 0 out of 4 | − | ||
Known groups [31] | 770 | 44 (8) | 79 | Germany, Italy, UK, US | 3 out of 3 | + |