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Table 2 Results of quality of life (QoL) assessments and estimated loss of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE)

From: Combined quality of life and survival for estimation of long-term health outcome of patients with stroke

Characteristics

Overall

IS

ICH

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

EQ-5D-interviewed cases, number (%)

387 (100)

314 (81.1)

73 (18.9)

Time elapsed since the first stroke, years

2.26 (2.66)

2.16 (2.53)

2.71 (3.13)

Utility value of QoL

0.73 (0.26)

0.74 (0.25)

0.69 (0.32)

 Male

0.78 (0.24)

0.79 (0.21)

0.72 (0.31)

 Female

0.68 (0.28)

0.69 (0.26)

0.65 (0.33)

Utility values classified by BI

 Independent (BI 100)

0.87 (0.13)

0.86 (0.13)

0.93 (0.09)

 Slight dependent (BI 75–95)

0.67 (0.11)

0.66 (0.09)

0.72 (0.13)

 Moderate dependent (BI 50–75)

0.51 (0.12)

0.50 (0.14)

0.54 (0.04)

 Severe dependent (BI 25–45)

0.24 (0.12)

0.26 (0.13)

0.20 (0.06)

 Total dependent (BI 0–20)

0.13 (0.05)

0.12 (0.05)

0.14 (0.05)

Utility values classified by mRS

 0

0.90 (0.12)

0.89 (0.12)

0.95 (0.09)

 1

0.85 (0.15)

0.85 (0.15)

0.90 (0.14)

 2

0.82 (0.18)

0.81 (0.18)

0.88 (0.13)

  0–2 (independent)

0.85 (0.16)

0.84 (0.16)

0.90 (0.13)

 3

0.68 (0.25)

0.70 (0.24)

0.62 (0.30)

 4

0.62 (026)

0.64 (0.24)

0.53 (0.34)

 5

0.39 (0.29)

0.38 (0.26)

0.40 (0.33)

 3–5 (disabled)

0.59 (0.29)

0.61 (0.27)

0.52 (0.33)

Estimation of LE and QALE

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

LE, years

13.59 (0.85)

13.25 (1.02)

13.21 (1.77)

EYLL, years

6.62 (0.47)

5.51 (0.66)

10.66 (1.37)

QALE, QALYs

9.94 (0.39)

10.35 (0.31)

7.72 (1.02)

Loss-of-QALE relative to referents, QALYs

10.27 (0.36)

8.41 (0.28)

16.15 (0.98)

  1. The unit of QALE is quality-adjusted life year (QALY)
  2. Value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant
  3. BI Barthel index, mRS modified rankin score, LE life expectancy, EYLL expected years of life lost, QALE quality-adjusted life expectancy, SD standard deviation, SE standard error