Table 1 Sociodemographic, Health related, and Psycho-social (Ebola related stigma) characteristics of Ebola survivors (N = 358)
Characteristics | Variables | n (%) mean ± SD median (interquartile range) | Male n (%) median (interquartile range) | Female n (%) Median (interquartile range) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
Age group | 18–49 years | 328 (91.6) | 128 (94.8) | 200 (89.7) | 0.115 |
|  | ≥ 50 years | 30 (8.4) | 7 (5.2) | 23 (10.3) |  |
Religion | Christianity | 92 (25.7) | 27 (20.0) | 65 (29.1) | 0.062 |
| Â | Islam | 266 (74.3) | 108 (80.0) | 158 (70.9) | Â |
Education status | Non-formal education | 147 (41.1) | 43 (31.9) | 104 (46.6) | 0.012 |
| Â | Primary | 44 (12.3) | 15 (11.1) | 29 (13.0) | Â |
| Â | Secondary | 126 (35.2) | 61 (45.2) | 65 (29.1) | Â |
| Â | Tertiary | 41 (11.5) | 16 (11.9) | 25 (11.2) | Â |
Marital status | Single | 100 (27.9) | 36 (26.7) | 64 (28.7) | < 0.001 |
| Â | Married/cohabitating | 171 (47.8) | 88 (65.2) | 83 (37.2) | Â |
| Â | Divorced/separated/widowed | 87 (24.3) | 11 (8.1) | 76 (34.1) | Â |
Residence | Urban | 219 (61.2) | 80 (59.3) | 139 (62.3) | 0.563 |
| Â | Rural | 139 (38.8) | 55 (40.7) | 84 (37.7) | Â |
Economic status | Difficult all the time | 110 (30.7) | 42 (31.1) | 68 (30.5) | 0.930 |
| Â | difficult some time | 238 (66.5) | 90 (66.7) | 148 (66.4) | Â |
| Â | Not too bad/easy | 10 (2.8) | 3 (2.2) | 7 (3.1) | Â |
Region | Northern region | 120 (33.5) | 47 (34.8) | 73 (32.7) | 0.346 |
| Â | Southern region | 55 (15.4) | 19 (14.1) | 36 (16.1) | Â |
| Â | Eastern region | 62 (17.3) | 18 (13.3) | 44 (19.7) | Â |
| Â | Western area | 121 (33.8) | 51 (37.8) | 70 (31.4) | Â |
Known chronic health | Yes | 46 (12.8) | 16 (11.9) | 30 (13.5) | 0.661 |
| Â | No | 312 (87.2) | 119 (88.1) | 193 (86.5) | Â |
Employment status after surviving Ebola | Employed | 199 (55.6) | 66 (48.9) | 133 (59.6) | 0.049 |
| Â | Unemployed | 159 (44.4) | 69 (51.1) | 90 (40.4) | Â |
Health-related characteristics | |||||
Current perceived health status | Very good/good | 96 (26.8) | 44 (32.6) | 52 (23.3) | 0.055 |
| Â | Fair/poor | 262 (73.2) | 91 (67.4) | 171 (76.7) | Â |
Time (days) spent at ETC | Â | 21.00 (14.00) | 21.00 (15.00) | 23.00 (14.00) | 0.036 |
Duration (months) since discharged from ETC | Â | 42.00 (4.00) | 42.00 (4.00) | 42.00 (4.00) | 0.922 |
Burden of post-Ebola symptoms | Â | 5.00 (3.00) | 4.00 (3.00) | 5.00 (3.00) | 0.088 |
Arthralgia (Joint pain) | Yes | 319 (89.1) | 119 (88.1) | 200 (89.7) | 0.651 |
| Â | No | 39 (10.9) | 16 (11.9) | 23 (10.3) | Â |
Headache | Yes | 272 (76.0) | 103 (76.3) | 169 (75.8) | 0.913 |
| Â | No | 86 (24.0) | 32 (23.7) | 54 (24.2) | Â |
Ocular symptoms | Yes | 206 (57.5) | 75 (55.6) | 131 (58.7) | 0.554 |
| Â | No | 152 (42.5) | 60 (44.4) | 92 (41.3) | Â |
Fatigue | Yes | 181 (50.6) | 73 (54.1) | 108 (48.4) | 0.301 |
| Â | No | 177 (49.4) | 62 (45.9) | 115 (51.6) | Â |
Back pain | Yes | 179 (50.0) | 60 (44.4) | 119 (53.4) | 0.102 |
| Â | No | 179 (50.0) | 75 (55.6) | 104 (46.6) | Â |
Abdominal pain | Yes | 132 (36.9) | 38 (28.1) | 94 (42.2) | 0.008 |
| Â | No | 226 (63.1) | 97 (71.9) | 129 (57.8) | Â |
Auditory symptoms | Yes | 61 (17.0) | 21 (15.6) | 40 (17.9) | 0.561 |
| Â | No | 297 (83.0) | 114 (84.4) | 183 (82.1) | Â |
Skin Disorder | Yes | 55 (15.4) | 21 (15.6) | 34 (15.2) | 0.937 |
| Â | No | 303 (84.6) | 114 (84.4) | 189 (84.8) | Â |
Alopecia | Yes | 38 (10.6) | 8 (5.9) | 30 (13.5) | 0.025 |
| Â | No | 320 (89.4) | 127 (94.1) | 193 (86.5) | Â |
Psycho-social characteristics (Ebola-related stigma) | |||||
Internalized stigma (negative self-perception) | Â | 0.80 (1.00) | 0.60 (1.00) | 0.80 (1.00) | 0.072 |
Enacted stigma | Â | 0.54 (0.80) | 0.42 (0.63) | 0.67 (0.96) | 0.005 |