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Table 4 Factors associated with impaired mental health status during the lockdown (N = 4018)

From: Effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown on mental health among post-secondary students in the Grand Est region of France: results of the PIMS-CoV19 study

 

Bivariate regression analysis

Multivariate logistic regression analysis R2 = 0.19 – H&L = 0.1

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

Gender (female vs male)

2.0

1.7–2.3

 < 0.001

1.5

1.3–1.9

 < 0.001

Age

01.0

0.9–1.0

 < 0.001

   

Home location (ref: urban vs rural area)

1.2

1.0–1.3

0.06

   

Financial aid scholarship (ref: scholarship vs none)

1.1

1.0–1.3

0.13

   

Access to a private outside area from home

  

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

 Private domestic garden

1

  

1

  

 Private balcony, courtyard or terrace

1.2

0.9–1.4

 

1.2

0.96–1.5

 

 Courtyard or garden for collective use

1.1

0.9–1.5

 

1.3

0.9–1.8

 

 No access

1.5

1.3–1.9

 

1.8

1.4–2.2

 

Difficulty isolating at home (Yes vs No)

2.3

2.0–2.7

 < 0.001

1.4

1.2–1.7

0.0005

Tensions and conflicts at home (Yes vs No)

2.8

2.4–3.2

 < 0.001

2.1

1.8–2.6

 < 0.001

Noises outside the home (Yes vs No)

1.9

1.6–2.2

 < 0.001

1.3

1.1–1.6

0.002

Noises inside the home (Yes vs No)

2.6

2.2–3.0

 < 0.001

1.5

1.2–1.8

 < 0.001

Someone infected with SARS-COV2 at home (ref: no)

  

 < 0.001

  

0.005

 Confirmed and hospitalized cases

3.4

1.6–7.4

 

3.1

1.3–7.2

 

 Confirmed and non-hospitalized cases

1.5

1.1–2.2

 

1.6

1.1–2.3

 

 Suspected cases

1.4

1.1–1.7

 

1.2

0.9–1.5

 

Relative or acquaintance infected with SARS-COV19 (ref: no)

  

 < 0.001

   

 Confirmed and hospitalized cases

1.6

1.3–2.0

    

 Confirmed and non-hospitalized cases

1.4

1.1–1.6

    

 Suspected cases

1.4

1.1–1.7

    

Frequency of exiting the home during lockdown (ref: never or less than once a week)

  

0.001

  

0.001

Several times a day

0.6

0.4–0.9

 

0.6

0.4–0.9

 

Once a day

0.7

0.5–0.9

 

0.7

0.5–0.9

 

Several times a week

0.7

0.6–0.9

 

0.7

0.6–0.9

 

Once a week

0.8

0.6–0.9

 

0.7

0.6–0.9

 
 

Bivariate regression analysis

Multivariate logistic regression analysis R2 = 0.19

OR

95% CI

P value

OR

95% CI

P value

Online teaching delivery (ref: none)

  

0.01

   

 Partial online teaching

1.1

0.9–1.3

    

 Total online teaching

0.9

0.7–1.0

    

Time working at home (ref: no change)

  

 < 0.0001

  

 < 0.0001

 Increased time working

1.1

0.9–1.4

 

1.0

0.8–1.3

 

 Reduced time working

1.9

1.6–2.2

 

1.6

1.3–1.9

 

Postponement of final competition (Yes vs No)

1.4

1.1–1.7

0.0025

   

Alcohol consumption (ref: none)

  

0.0392

   

 No change

0.9

0.7–1.1

    

 Increased consumption

1.3

1.0–1.6

    

 Reduced consumption

1.0

0.8–1.2

    

Tobacco consumption (ref: none)

  

0.01

  

0.01

 No change

1.3

0.8–2.0

 

1.3

0.8–2.0

 

 Increased consumption

1.6

1.2–2.1

 

1.6

1.2–2.1

 

 Reduced consumption

0.9

0.7–1.3

 

0.9

0.7–1.3

 

Media entertainment (ref: not used) ¥

  

 < 0.0001

  

0.0006

 1-Ineffective

3.5

1.9–6.5

 

2.5

1.2–4.9

 

Reading entertainment (ref: not used) ¥

  

 < 0.0001

  

 < 0.0001

 1-Ineffective

1.9

1.4–2.6

 

1.5

1.04–2.1

 

 2

1.6

1.3–2.1

 

1.7

1.3–2.2

 

Physical exercise (ref: not used) ¥

  

0.03

  

0.05

 5-Very effective

0.6

0.5–0.7

 

0.7

0.5–0.9

 

Snacking between meals (ref: not used) ¥

  

 < 0.0001

  

0.04

 5-Very effective

1.9

1.5–2.5

 

1.4

1.1–1.9

 
  1. Bolded numbers mean that the OR is statistically significant
  2. OR, odds ratio: the probability of MCS < first quartile (i.e. impaired mental health); 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; OR < 1 decreased frequency of MCS < 1rst quartile; OR > 1 increased frequency of MCS < 1rst quartile