Health and Quality of Life Outcomes

Table 3 Comparison of the HSU values of the VAS across the demographic and clinical characteristics of Covid-19 patients admitted to a treatment centre in the Arsi Zone, 2020–2021

From: Evaluation of health-related quality of life of Covid-19 patients: a hospital-based study in South Central Ethiopia

Variable	Health utility value (VAS)
Variable	Median	IQR (P25, P75)		Mean	SD	p value
Sex
Female	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.689	0.134	0.961
Male	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.692	0.127
Age
0–24	0.725	0.610	0.860	0.732	0.126	< 0.001
25–34	0.750	0.650	0.840	0.734	0.121
35–44	0.700	0.580	0.780	0.686	0.126
45–54	0.680	0.600	0.780	0.678	0.123
55+	0.620	0.560	0.710	0.629	0.118
Residence
Rural	0.700	0.600	0.810	0.695	0.132	0.927
Urban	0.700	0.600	0.790	0.688	0.128
Comorbidity
No	0.750	0.640	0.850	0.738	0.129	< 0.001
Yes	0.620	0.570	0.710	0.632	0.103
Hypertension
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.697	0.131	0.002
Yes	0.610	0.580	0.700	0.634	0.096
Chronic cardiac diseases
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.695	0.129	0.005
Yes	0.630	0.570	0.700	0.613	0.102
Chronic pulmonary disease
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.697	0.130	< 0.001
Yes	0.605	0.570	0.660	0.606	0.081
Asthma
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.699	0.129	< 0.001
Yes	0.590	0.560	0.640	0.601	0.096
Chronic kidney disease
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.692	0.129	0.081
Yes	0.630	0.550	0.660	0.607	0.094
Diabetes mellitus
No	0.705	0.600	0.820	0.705	0.129	< 0.001
Yes	0.700	0.570	0.700	0.622	0.109
Malignancy
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.691	0.130	0.782
Yes	0.710	0.600	0.780	0.675	0.117
HIV/AIDS
No	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.691	0.129	0.531
Yes	0.665	0.590	0.750	0.653	0.112
Dexamethasone used
No	0.730	0.610	0.848	0.718	0.131	< 0.001
Yes	0.600	0.570	0.700	0.625	0.097
Intranasal oxygen used
No	0.750	0.695	0.850	0.749	0.116	< 0.001
Yes	0.600	0.560	0.660	0.604	0.096
Length of hospital stay
1–7 days	0.690	0.610	0.820	0.703	0.133	0.004
8–14 days	0.720	0.600	0.820	0.709	0.229
15–21 days	0.640	0.590	0.730	0.657	0.122
22–28 days	0.640	0.600	0.750	0.687	0.127
More than 28 days	0.615	0.530	0.730	0.629	0.131
Overall	0.700	0.600	0.800	0.690	0.129

SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; P-values are from the Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test

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