A pilot study on the validity and psychometric properties of the electronic EQ-5D-5L in routine clinical practice

Table 5 Change in electronic EQ-5D scores from baseline to 3 months follow up by GRS groups, Aug 2018 – Mar 2019 (N = 99)

	EQ-5D Utility score (mean ± SD, n)				EQ-VAS score (mean ± SD, n)				Change in EQ-5D Dimension level with limitation from baseline to 3-month (%)
	Baseline	3-month	Difference	p value*	Baseline	3-month	Difference	p value*	Mobility	Self-care	Usual Activities	Pain/Discomfort	Depression/Anxiety
GRS Group
GRS Better	0.58 ± 0.28 (20)	0.76 ± 0.26 (20)	0.18 ± 0.18 (20)	< 0.001	65.90 ± 18.13 (20)	76.65 ± 14.00 (20)	10.75 ± 15.33 (20)	0.005	− 15.0% (20)	− 15.0% (20)	− 15.0% (20)	− 40% (20)	− 20% (20)
Effect size			0.666				0.664
GRS Same	0.71 ± 0.23 (44)	0.79 ± 0.17 (44)	0.08 ± 0.17 (44)	0.002	74.59 ± 15.22 (44)	76.32 ± 11.54 (44)	1.73 ± 12.60 (44)	0.368	− 9.1% (44)	− 2.3% (44)	− 2.3% (44)	− 13.6% (44)	0% (44)
Effect size			0.396				0.128
GRS Worse	0.61 ± 0.27 (35)	0.53 ± 0.30 (35)	− 0.08 ± 0.28 (35)	0.092	67.37 ± 15.22 (35)	62.43 ± 18.08 (35)	− 4.94 ± 18.31 (35)	0.120	14.3% (35)	2.9% (35)	8.6% (35)	22.9% (35)	2.9% (35)
Effect size			0.280				0.296		p value#
									< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.021	< 0.001
Overall	0.65 ± 0.26 (99)	0.69 ± 0.27 (99)	0.04 ± 0.24 (99)	0.074	70.28 ± 16.33 (99)	71.47 ± 15.97 (99)	1.19 ± 16.24 (99)	0.467	− 2.2% (99)	− 2.0% (99)	− 1.0% (99)	− 6.1% (99)	− 3.0% (99)
Effect size			0.151				0.074
Mean GRS†			0.589**				0.495**

GRS, global rating scale
*Difference between baseline and 3-month EQ-5D Utility and EQ-5D VAS scores tested by paired t-tests
^#EQ-5D-5L dimension responses of moderate, severe and very severe were grouped into the ‘with limitation’ category; difference in proportions among GRS groups tested by Chi-square tests
^†Correlation between mean GRS score and EQ-5D-5L utility or VAS score, tested by Spearman correlation; **p < 0.001

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