Table 2 The demographic and life style futures of study participants and their association with domains and overall scores of quality of life

Characteristics

Total

15.28 ± 2.92

14.31 ± 2.62

15.02 ± 3.19

14.84 ± 2.78

14.80 ± 2.43

Age categories

 35–49 years

413 (31.4%)

15.80 ± 2.60

14.28 ± 2.44

15.11 ± 3.14

14.87 ± 2.61

14.96 ± 2.22

 50–64 years

628 (47.7%)

15.34 ± 2.96

14.36 ± 2.65

15.14 ± 3.17

14.91 ± 2.81

14.87 ± 2.45

  ≥ 65 years

275 (20.9%)

14.38 ± 3.08

14.22 ± 2.78

14.61 ± 3.3

14.65 ± 2.92

14.43 ± 2.63

 P-value¹

–

 < 0.001

0.8

0.03

0.33

0.009

Sex

 Female

650 (49.4%)

14.68 ± 2.94

13.82 ± 2.55

14.72 ± 3.15

14.63 ± 2.77

14.41 ± 2.38

 Male

666 (50.6%)

15.86 ± 2.78

14.78 ± 2.59

15.32 ± 3.21

15.04 ± 2.77

15.19 ± 2.41

 P-value²

–

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.001

0.007

 < 0.001

Marital status

 Married

1153 (87.6%)

15.45 ± 2.85

14.45 ± 2.57

15.16 ± 3.13

14.96 ± 2.71

14.95 ± 2.38

 Single

163 (12.4%)

14.08 ± 3.14

13.3 ± 2.71

14.06 ± 3.46

13.97 ± 3.04

13.78 ± 2.54

 P-value²

–

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Educational attainment years

 0–5 years

669 (40.4%)

14.49 ± 2.94

13.86 ± 2.69

14.47 ± 3.19

14.25 ± 2.68

14.22 ± 2.42

 6–12 years

456 (34.7%)

15.96 ± 2.74

14.64 ± 2.47

15.45 ± 3.14

15.38 ± 2.75

15.29 ± 2.33

  > 12 years

191 (14.5%)

16.41 ± 2.49

15.07 ± 2.4

15.93 ± 3

15.65 ± 2.72

15.69 ± 2.14

 P-value¹

–

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Place of residence

 Urban

1078 (81.9%)

15.36 ± 2.91

14.35 ± 2.6

15.06 ± 3.2

14.94 ± 2.82

14.86 ± 2.44

 Rural

238 (18.1%)

14.93 ± 2.96

14.11 ± 2.69

14.87 ± 3.17

14.41 ± 2.52

14.54 ± 2.37

 P-value²

–

0.049

0.22

0.4

0.02

0.08

Smoking status

 Ever

182 (14.2%)

15.23 ± 2.92

14.28 ± 2.56

15.02 ± 3.18

14.83 ± 2.78

14.78 ± 2.41

 Never

1100 (85.8%)

15.71 ± 2.85

14.55 ± 2.93

15.02 ± 3.36

14.88 ± 2.78

14.99 ± 2.47

 P-value²

–

0.04

0.051

0.81

0.67

0.18

Physical activity (METs-m/d)

 Tertile 1 (< 480

170.19 ± 178.13

15.27 ± 3.32

14.4 ± 2.85

15.27 ± 3.47

15.23 ± 3.02

14.97 ± 2.68

 Tertile 2 (480–1680)

1074.77 ± 354.95

15.36 ± 2.78

14.28 ± 2.55

15.04 ± 3.1

14.83 ± 2.69

14.82 ± 2.39

 Tertile 3 (> 1680)

4482.43 ± 4205.32

15.21 ± 2.58

14.22 ± 2.4

14.73 ± 2.95

14.43 ± 2.51

14.61 ± 2.15

 P-value¹

–

0.59

0.21

0.06

 < 0.001

0.04

Categories of GHQ-12

 Normal (0–3)

980 (74.5%)

15.77 ± 2.72

14.8 ± 2.44

15.46 ± 3.02

15.19 ± 2.64

15.24 ± 2.26

 Mental health problem (4–12)

336 (25.5%)

13.84 ± 3.01

12.88 ± 2.59

13.74 ± 3.34

13.81 ± 2.92

13.53 ± 2.45

 P-value²

–

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Age (years)

56.44 ± 10.78

 − 0.17⁴

 − 0.01⁴

 − 0.06⁴

 − 0.04⁴

 − 0.08⁴

P-value³

–

 < 0.001

0.58

0.02

0.19

0.002

Body mass index

27.87 ± 4.53

 − 0.09⁴

 − 0.06⁴

 − 0.08⁴

 − 0.05⁴

 − 0.07⁴

P-value³

–

0.001

0.046

0.006

0.10

0.008

Diet quality index

0.69 ± 0.26

 − 0.08⁴

 − 0.13⁴

 − 0.08⁴

 − 0.15⁴

 − 0.14⁴

P-value³

–

0.004

 < 0.001

0.006

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Adaptive coping strategy

42.54 ± 31.74

0.08⁴

0.11⁴

0.11⁴

0.05⁴

0.11⁴

P-value³

–

0.003

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.07

 < 0.001

Maladaptive coping strategy

38.65 ± 38.27

0.02⁴

0.02⁴

0.01⁴

 − 0.02⁴

0.01⁴0.01⁴

P-value³

–

0.48

0.56

0.83

0.5

0.73

Sum score of GHQ-12

2.33 ± 3.12

 − 0.33⁴

 − 0.36⁴

 − 0.27⁴

 − 0.25⁴–0.25⁴

 − 0.36⁴

P-value³

–

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001