Table 4 Multivariable analysis of factors associated with quality of life in patients with heart failure (over time) based on the generalized estimating equation analysis model (n = 184)

Symptoms

− 0.38

0.06

− 0.50

− 0.27

< 0.001

− 0.45

0.08

− 0.62

− 0.29

< 0.001

 T1 * symptom

Reference

 T2 * symptom

0.00

0.08

− 0.15

0.15

0.988

0.06

0.10

− 0.13

0.25

0.521

 T3 * symptom

− 0.08

0.08

− 0.24

0.08

0.333

0.01

0.11

− 0.21

0.23

0.944

 T4 * symptom

− 0.15

0.09

− 0.32

0.03

0.098

0.05

0.12

− 0.18

0.28

0.673

Care needs

− 0.30

0.05

− 0.39

− 0.21

< 0.001

− 0.37

0.05

− 0.46

− 0.29

< 0.001

 T1 * care needs

Reference

 T2 * care needs

− 0.14

0.05

− 0.24

− 0.04

0.009

− 0.03

0.07

− 0.17

0.11

0.652

 T3 * care needs

− 0.28

0.06

− 0.40

− 0.16

< 0.001

− 0.17

0.08

− 0.31

− 0.01

0.035

 T4 * care needs

− 0.23

0.06

− 0.36

− 0.10

< 0.001

0.02

0.09

− 0.15

0.19

0.810

Social support

− 0.15

0.08

− 0.30

− 0.00

0.046

− 0.14

0.10

− 0.34

0.06

0.170

 T1 * social support

Reference

 T2 * social support

0.14

0.09

− 0.03

0.32

0.111

0.14

0.09

− 0.04

0.31

0.130

 T3 * social support

0.18

0.09

− 0.01

0.37

0.064

0.17

0.10

− 0.03

0.37

0.087

 T4 * social support

0.33

0.10

0.13

0.54

0.001

0.32

0.11

0.11

0.52

0.003

Meaning in life

0.51

0.08

0.35

0.66

< 0.001

0.58

0.11

0.30

0.80

< 0.001

 T1 * presence

Reference

 T2 * presence

0.39

0.17

0.06

0.72

0.021

0.27

0.24

− 0.20

0.74

0.260

 T3 * presence

0.57

0.15

0.28

0.87

< 0.001

0.49

0.23

0.03

0.95

0.036

 T4 * presence

0.71

0.16

0.39

1.03

< 0.001

0.41

0.22

− 0.20

0.85

0.062