Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with quality of life in patients with heart failure based on the generalized estimating equation analysis model (n = 184)

Age

− 0.29

0.05

− 0.38

− 0.20

< 0.001

− 0.21

0.05

− 0.31

− 0.10

< 0.001

Male

2.08

1.29

− 0.45

4.61

0.107

0.64

1.35

− 2.00

3.29

0.635

Below high school education

− 3.01

1.32

− 5.61

− 0.43

0.022

− 2.87

1.39

− 5.63

− 0.16

0.038

Marriage

− 1.24

1.30

− 3.80

1.32

0.343

− 1.19

1.35

− 3.83

1.45

0.375

Economic dependence

− 5.21

1.40

− 7.96

− 2.46

< 0.001

− 4.14

1.63

− 7.34

− 0.93

0.011

Living with family

− 2.43

1.34

− 5.06

0.19

0.069

− 1.89

1.36

− 4.55

0.76

0.162

Symptoms

− 0.43

0.04

− 0.50

− 0.37

< 0.001

− 0.43

0.05

0.53

− 0.34

< 0.001

 T1 * Symptom

Reference

 T2 * symptom

< 0.01

0.08

− 0.16

0.16

0.996

0.04

0.10

− 0.16

0.24

0.720

 T3 * symptom

− 0.09

0.08

− 0.25

0.08

0.299

− 0.03

0.12

− 0.26

0.21

0.833

 T4 * symptom

− 0.17

0.09

− 0.36

0.01

0.063

0.01

0.12

− 0.23

0.25

0.935

Care needs

− 0.45

0.03

− 0.50

− 0.40

< 0.001

− 0.46

0.07

− 0.59

− 0.33

< 0.001

 T1 * care needs

Reference

 T2 * care needs

− 0.15

0.05

− 0.25

− 0.04

0.006

− 0.03

0.07

− 0.17

0.11

0.652

 T3 * care needs

− 0.31

0.06

− 0.43

− 0.19

< 0.001

− 0.17

0.08

− 0.32

− 0.01

0.035

 T4 * care needs

− 0.27

0.07

− 0.40

− 0.14

< 0.001

0.02

0.09

− 0.15

0.19

0.810

Social support

− 0.02

0.04

− 0.09

0.08

0.966

− 0.04

0.06

− 0.16

0.07

0.441

 T1 * Social support

Reference

 T2 * Social support

0.15

0.09

− 0.03

0.32

0.105

0.13

0.09

− 0.04

0.31

0.130

 T3 * Social support

0.18

0.10

− 0.02

0.38

0.073

0.17

0.10

− 0.03

0.37

0.087

 T4 * Social support

0.31

0.11

0.09

0.52

0.004

0.31

0.11

0.11

0.52

0.003

Meaning in life

 Presence

0.55

0.08

0.39

0.70

< 0.001

0.62

0.11

0.39

0.85

< 0.001

 T1 * presence

Reference

 T2 * presence

0.39

0.17

0.06

0.72

0.021

0.18

0.24

− 0.29

0.66

0.454

 T3 * presence

0.56

0.15

0.25

0.86

< 0.001

0.49

0.24

0.03

0.95

0.039

 T4 * presence

0.71

0.16

0.38

1.03

< 0.001

0.36

0.23

− 0.07

0.81

0.105

Search

− 0.08

0.06

− 0.17

0.07

0.392

− 0.04

0.08

− 0.17

0.13

0.803

 T1 * search

Reference

 T2 * search

− 0.09

0.16

− 0.41

0.23

0.584

0.14

0.22

− 0.29

0.56

0.520

 T3 * search

− 0.10

0.16

− 0.42

0.22

0.535

0.05

0.21

− 0.36

0.46

0.804

 T4 * search

− 0.02

0.15

− 0.32

0.29

0.918

− 0.05

0.19

− 0.44

0.33

0.790