Impact of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on functional disability and health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

Table 5 Association between factors and HAQ-DI score using multiple linear regression analysis

Variables	Standardized coefficients (beta)	p value
Age
Continuous (1-year units)	0.226	< 0.001
Gender
Male	− 0.047	0.429
Female	Ref
Body mass index
Normal	0.029	0.566
Overweight or obese	Ref
Residency
City	− 0.056	0.227
Others	Ref
Work status
Unemployed	0.127	0.042
Employed	Ref
Income
Moderate and high	− 0.130	0.010
Low	Ref
Education
University	0.001	0.990
No formal, primary, secondary	Ref
Smoking
No	− 0.078	0.084
Yes	Ref
Morning stiffness
No	− 0.157	0.005
Yes	Ref
Night pain
No	− 0.148	0.008
Yes	Ref
Comorbid diseases
No	− 0.218	< 0.001
Yes	Ref
Conventional DMARDs
No	− 0.009	0.888
Yes	Ref
Etanercept use
No	0.164	0.009
Yes	Ref

DMARDs disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, HAQ-DI health assessment questionnaire disability index, SE standard error

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