Impact of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on functional disability and health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

Table 4 Association between factors and EQ-5D-5L score using multiple linear regression analysis

Variables	Standardized coefficients (beta)	p value
Age
Continuous (1-year units)	− 0.082	0.124
Gender
Male	0.083	0.174
Female	Ref
Body mass index
Normal	− 0.053	0.309
Overweight or obese	Ref
Residency
City	0.084	0.076
Others	Ref
Work status
Unemployed	− 0.135	0.036
Employed	Ref
Income
Moderate and High	0.148	0.004
Low	Ref
Education
University	0.034	0.586
No formal, primary, secondary	Ref
Diagnosis delay
No	0.072	0.132
Yes	Ref
Morning stiffness
No	0.076	0.185
Yes	Ref
Night pain
No	0.276	< 0.001
Yes	Ref
Comorbid diseases
No	0.211	< 0.001
Yes	Ref
Conventional DMARDs
No	− 0.033	0.603
Yes	Ref
Etanercept use
No	− 0.153	0.017
Yes	Ref

DMARDs disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, EQ-5D European Quality of life scale, SE standard error

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