Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) for poor physical and mental health-related quality of life in men and women

Men (n = 3232)

CVDs (yes)

1.93 (1.32–2.84)

1.21 (0.87–1.68)

Age

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

0.98 (0.97–0.99)

Marital status

 Married

Ref

Ref

 Unmarried

0.54 (0.41–0.71)

1.46 (1.12–1.90)

Level of education

 Higher

Ref

Ref

 Secondary

1.05 (0.86–1.29)

1.24 (1.02–1.52)

 Primary

1.72 (1.29–2.29)

1.05 (0.80–1.38)

Job status

 Employed

Ref

Ref

 Unemployed, but had other sources of income

1.02 (0.75–1.39)

1.06 (0.80–1.42)

 Unemployed/student/housewife

0.90 (0.55–1.49)

1.07 (0.67–1.70)

Physical activity levels

 High

Ref

Ref

 Moderate

0.81 (0.64–1.03)

1.51 (1.20–1.90)

 Low

1.27 (0.99–1.61)

1.42 (1.13–1.79)

Diabetes (yes)

1.78 (1.32–2.39)

1.24 (0.95–1.61)

Hypertension (yes)

1.31 (1.04–1.67)

0.88 (0.70–1.10)

Chronic kidney diseases (yes)

1.02 (0.77–1.36)

0.76 (0.58–0.99)

Cancer (yes)

2.69 (1.01–7.17)

0.78 (0.33–1.86)

Women (n = 3777)

CVDs (yes)

1.06 (0.66–1.70)

1.68 (1.11–2.54)

Age

1.05 (1.04–1.06)

0.98 (0.97–0.99)

Marital status

 Married

Ref

Ref

 Unmarried

0.53 (0.41–0.69)

1.27 (1.01–1.59)

Level of education

 Higher

Ref

Ref

 Secondary

1.18 (0.93–1.50)

1.60 (1.29–1.99)

 Primary

1.38 (1.01–1.90)

1.97 (1.48–2.63)

Job status

 Employed

Ref

Ref

 Unemployed, but had other sources of income

0.68 (0.46–1.02)

1.49 (1.03–2.16)

 Unemployed/student/housewife

0.82 (0.57–1.18)

1.36 (0.98–1.89)

Physical activity levels

 High

Ref

Ref

 Moderate

1.37 (1.04–1.82)

1.09 (0.85–1.40)

 Low

2.18 (1.59–2.98)

1.17 (0.89–1.53)

Smoking (yes)

1.08 (0.72–1.60)

2.01 (1.38–2.92)

BMI

1.08 (1.06–1.10)

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

Diabetes (yes)

1.26 (0.96–1.65)

0.90 (0.71–1.14)

Hypertension (yes)

1.04 (0.80–1.34)

1.21 (0.96–1.52)

Chronic kidney diseases (yes)

0.75 (0.60–0.94)

0.93 (0.75–1.14)