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Table 3 Mean CHU-9D-CHN utility value by each level of PedsQL dimension

From: An assessment of the construct validity of the Child Health Utility 9D-CHN instrument in school-aged children: evidence from a Chinese trial

PedsQL dimensions

Level

n (%)

Mean (SD) CHU9D utility

p-value*

Physical functioning

    

Walking trouble

Never

963 (62.5)

0.948 (0.063)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

148 (9.6)

0.927 (0.072)

 
 

Sometimes

273 (17.8)

0.920 (0.074)

 
 

Often

80 (5.2)

0.927 (0.063)

 
 

Almost always

75 (4.9)

0.902 (0.083)

 

Running trouble

Never

1101 (71.5)

0.947 (0.061)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

189 (12.3)

0.918 (0.071)

 
 

Sometimes

184 (11.9)

9.912 (0.083)

 
 

Often

49 (3.1)

0.909 (0.088)

 
 

Almost always

16 (1.2)

0.887 (0.076)

 

Exercise trouble

Never

1078 (70.1)

0.948 (0.061)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

171(11.1)

0.919 (0.077)

 
 

Sometimes

217 (14.1)

0.918 (0.072)

 
 

Often

40 (2.6)

0.904 (0.095)

 
 

Almost always

33 (2.1)

0.879 (0.087)

 

Carrying trouble

Never

674 (43.8)

0.950 (0.060)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

183 (11.9)

0.920 (0.079)

 
 

Sometimes

437 (28.4)

0.932 (0.069)

 
 

Often

129 (8.4)

0.928 (0.075)

 
 

Almost always

116 (7.5)

0.921 (0.073)

 

Showering trouble

Never

1280 (83.2)

0.943 (0.064)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

106 (6.8)

0.913 (0.073)

 
 

Sometimes

72 (4.7)

0.908 (0.081)

 
 

Often

38 (2.5)

0.935 (0.071)

 
 

Almost always

43 (2.8)

0.870 (0.096)

 

Housework trouble

Never

1087 (70.7)

0.948 (0.061)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

157 (10.3)

0.913 (0.078)

 
 

Sometimes

189 (12.2)

0.917 (0.074)

 
 

Often

48 (3.1)

0.922 (0.071)

 
 

Almost always

58 (3.7)

0.883 (0.093)

 

Feeling pain

Never

1056 (68.7)

0.951 (0.058)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

149 (9.7)

0.909 (0.080)

 
 

Sometimes

287 (18.6)

0.912 (0.074)

 
 

Often

36 (2.3)

0.899 (0.092)

 
 

Almost always

11 (0.7)

0.837 (0.134)

 

Feeling tired

Never

1044 (67.8)

0.949 (0.059)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

135 (8.8)

0.923 (0.068)

 
 

Sometimes

292 (18.9)

0.917 (0.070)

 
 

Often

46 (3.1)

0.873 (0.106)

 
 

Almost always

22 (1.4)

0.842 (0.122)

 

Emotional functioning

    

Feeling fearful

Never

965 (62.7)

0.949 (0.059)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

142 (9.2)

0.928 (0.071)

 
 

Sometimes

303 (19.7)

0.921 (0.071)

 
 

Often

82 (5.3)

0.910 (0.085)

 
 

Almost always

47 (3.1)

0.871 (0.105)

 

Feeling sad

Never

1114 (72.4)

0.949 (0.058)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

128 (8.3)

0.916 (0.069)

 
 

Sometimes

247 (16.1)

0.908 (0.078)

 
 

Often

37 (2.4)

0.886 (0.103)

 
 

Almost always

13 (0.8)

0.824 (0.143)

 

Feeling angry

Never

923 (59.9)

0.953 (0.054)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

154 (10.1)

0.925 (0.074)

 
 

Sometimes

338 (22.0)

0.921 (0.070)

 
 

Often

92 (6.0)

0.885 (0.095)

 
 

Almost always

32 (2.0)

0.850 (0.111)

 

Feeling insomnia

Never

997 (64.7)

0.951 (0.056)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

118 (7.6)

0.926 (0.074)

 
 

Sometimes

243 (15.9)

0.913 (0.078)

 
 

Often

120 (7.8)

0.905 (0.084)

 
 

Almost always

61 (4.0)

0.883 (0.087)

 

Feeling worried

Never

949 (61.7)

0.951 (0.060)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

134 (8.7)

0.932 (0.067)

 
 

Sometimes

330 (21.4)

0.917 (0.074)

 
 

Often

72 (4.7)

0.899 (0.080)

 
 

Almost always

54 (3.5)

0.886 (0.086)

 

Social functioning

    

Difficulties socialising

Never

1138 (73.9)

0.946 (0.061)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

149 (9.7)

0.917 (0.079)

 
 

Sometimes

189 (12.3)

0.913 (0.079)

 
 

Often

45 (2.9)

0.906 (0.075)

 
 

Almost always

18 (1.2)

0.860 (0.105)

 

Other children did not want to socialise

Never

927 (60.3)

0.949 (0.060)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

199 (12.9)

0.926 (0.072)

 
 

Sometimes

311 (20.2)

0.918 (0.074)

 
 

Often

71 (4.6)

0.916 (0.075)

 
 

Almost always

31 (2.0)

0.885 (0.096)

 

Other children mocked

Never

1104 (71.7)

0.947 (0.060)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

180 (11.7)

0.919 (0.074)

 
 

Sometimes

195 (12.7)

0.913 (0.078)

 
 

Often

39 (2.5)

0.883 (0.101)

 
 

Almost always

21 (1.4)

0.882 (0.083)

 

Inability to socialise

Never

947 (61.6)

0.949 (0.058)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

189 (12.4)

0.924 (0.076)

 
 

Sometimes

325 (21.1)

0.920 (0.074)

 
 

Often

49 (3.1)

0.890 (0.094)

 
 

Almost always

29 (1.8)

0.887 (0.089)

 

Difficulties for tracking

Never

961 (62.5)

0.949 (0.060)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

155 (10.1)

0.928 (0.065)

 
 

Sometimes

327 (21.2)

0.919 (0.074)

 
 

Often

66 (4.3)

0.911 (0.084)

 
 

Almost always

30 (1.9)

0.867 (0.117)

 

School functioning

    

Difficulties concentrating

Never

921 (59.9)

0.951 (0.057)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

142 (9.3)

0.919 (0.068)

 
 

Sometimes

347 (22.5)

0.918 (0.077)

 
 

Often

85 (5.5)

0.917 (0.073)

 
 

Almost always

44 (2.8)

0.883 (0.113)

 

Difficulties memorising

Never

761 (49.4)

0.952 (0.061)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

194 (12.7)

0.923 (0.081)

 
 

Sometimes

423 (27.5)

0.928 (0.065)

 
 

Often

120 (7.8)

0.916 (0.067)

 
 

Almost always

41 (2.6)

0.883 (0.084)

 

Difficulties studying/catching

Never

959 (62.4)

0.951 (0.058)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

174 (11.3)

0.919 (0.068)

 
 

Sometimes

302 (19.6)

0.918 (0.074)

 
 

Often

64 (4.1)

0.906 (0.081)

 
 

Almost always

40 (2.6)

0.869 (0.104)

 

Absent from school due to sickness

Never

1062 (69.1)

0.942 (0.065)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

139 (9.0)

0.927 (0.071)

 
 

Sometimes

298 (19.4)

0.932 (0.068)

 
 

Often

36 (2.3)

0.884 (0.114)

 
 

Almost always

4 (0.2)

0.892 (0.083)

 

Absent from school due to hospitalisation

Never

1079 (70.2)

0.942 (0.065)

 < 0.001

 

Hardly ever

169 (10.9)

0.930 (0.074)

 
 

Sometimes

265 (17.3)

0.925 (0.070)

 
 

Often

16 (1.0)

0.902 (0.094)

 
 

Almost always

10 (0.6)

0.872 (0.110)

 
  1. *Non-parametric test for trend
  2. SD standard deviation