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Table 8 Comparison of CHU9D utility scores between children with different sociodemographic and health characteristics (n = 473)

From: Feasibility, reliability and validity of the health-related quality of life instrument Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) among school-aged children and adolescents in Sweden

 

CHU9D

(Child algorithm)

CHU9D

(Adult algorithm)

p value

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

p value1

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Sex

 Girls

0.69 (0.22)

0.72 (0.52–0.89)

 > 0.001

0.83 (0.11)

0.84 (0.75–0.93)

 > 0.001

 Boys

0.78 (0.18)

0.84 (0.68–0.91)

0.88 (0.09)

0.90 (0.82–0.95)

School stages

 Grades 1–3

0.80 (0.18)

0.86 (0.70–0.95)

0.0001

0.88 (0.09)

0.91 (0.83–0.95)

0.0001

 Grades 4–6

0.75 (0.20)

0.79 (0.62–0.89)

0.86 (0.10)

0.88 (0.79–0.93)

 Grades 7–9

0.65 (0.23)

0.66 (0.48–0.85)

0.81 (0.11)

0.82 (0.75–0.90)

Parents’ country of birth

 None Sweden

0.76 (0.21)

0.80 (0.60–0.97)

0.322

0.87 (0.11)

0.90 (0.78–0.96)

0.303

 One Sweden

0.72 (0.18)

0.70 (0.59–0.87)

0.85 (0.09)

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

 Both Sweden

0.73 (0.21)

0.79 (0.59–0.91)

0.85 (0.11)

0.87 (0.78–0.93)

Custody arrangement

 Not living with both parents

0.69 (0.21)

0.71 (0.53–0.86)

0.018

0.83 (0.11)

0.83 (0.76–0.92)

0.025

 Living with both parents

0.74 (0.21)

0.80 (0.59–0.91)

0.86 (0.11)

0.88 (0.78–0.93)

General health

 Not good

0.48 (0.19)

0.47 (0.33–0.60)

0.0001

0.72 (0.10)

0.72 (0.65–0.78)

0.0001

 Good

0.64 (0.19)

0.62 (0.48–0.79)

0.80 (0.10)

0.79 (0.74–0.88)

 Very good

0.81 (0.16)

0.86 (0.70–0.96)

0.89 (0.08)

0.91 (0.84–0.95)

Long-term illness/disability

 Yes

0.71 (0.23)

0.78 (0.54–0.89)

0.008

0.84 (0.12)

0.87 (0.77–0.93)

0.048

 No

0.77 (0.19)

0.80 (0.63–0.94)

0.87 (0.09)

0.88 (0.80–0.95)

Family affluence

 Low (< 25percentile)

0.75 (0.19)

0.81 (0.60–0.92)

0.732

0.87 (0.10)

0.88 (0.78–0.95)

0.438

 Middle (25–75percentile)

0.74 (0.20)

0.79 (0.60–0.89)

0.85 (0.10)

0.87 (0.79–0.93)

 High (> 75percentile)

0.71 (0.24)

0.79 (0.52–0.94)

0.84 (0.12)

0.87 (0.76–0.93)

  1. IQR inter quartile range, SD standard deviation
  2. 1p values estimated by use of Kruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test and Mann–Whitney U (Wilcoxon rank sum)