| Emotional problemsa (range 0–60) | Treatment problemsa (range 0–10) | Food-related problemsa (range 0–15) | Social support problemsa (range 0–15) | Total scorea (range 0–100) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Female, median (IQR) | 32.5 (23.75–41.25) | 5 (2.5–7.5) | 7.5 (5–11.25) | 2.5 (1.25–7.5) | 47.5 (36.25–62.5) |
Male, median (IQR) | 31.25 (23.75–41.25) | 3.75 (2.5–6.25) | 7.5 (5–8.75) | 2.5 (1.25–6.25) | 47.5 (33.75–60) |
Mann–Whitney test | z = 0.227, p = 0.821 | z = 1.167, p = 0.244 | z = 0.630, p = 0.530 | z = 0.589, p = 0.557 | z = 0.737, p = 0.462 |
ES | r = 0.014 | r = 0.072 | r = 0.039 | r = 0.036 | r = 0.045 |
Age, Spearman’s correlation | rs =  − 0.069 p = 0.263 | rs = 0.017 p = 0.780 | rs = 0.072 p = 0.244 | rs =  − 0.075 p = 0.224 | rs =  − 0.046 p = 0.451 |
Age | |||||
21–44 years, median (IQR) | 32.5 (25–42.5) | 3.75 (2.5–6.25) | 6.25 (5–10) | 3.75 (1.25–7.5) | 48.75 (36.25–61.25) |
45–54 years, median (IQR) | 31.25 (21.25–41.25) | 5 (1.25–6.25) | 8.75 (5–11.25) | 2.5 (0–5) | 47.5 (35–63.75) |
55–64 years, median (IQR) | 31.25 (23.75–41.25) | 5 (2.5–7.5) | 7.5 (5–11.25) | 2.5 (1.25–6.25) | 46.25 (33.75–60.625) |
Kruskal Wallis H | H(2) = 0.935, p = 0.627 | H(2) = 0.493, p = 0.782 | H(2) = 1.414, p = 0.493 | H(2) = 4.118, p = 0.128 | H(2) = 0.815, p = 0.665 |
Area of residency | |||||
Urban, median (IQR) | 29.375 (18.75–39.375) | 3.75 (1.25–6.25) | 6.25 (5–10) | 2.5 (0–6.875) | 45 (26.875–56.875) |
Rural or semi, median (IQR) | 32.5 (25–42.5) | 5 (2.5–7.5) | 7.5 (5–10) | 2.5 (1.25–6.25) | 49.375 (37.5–63.125) |
Mann–Whitney test | z =  − 2.211, p = 0.027 | z =  − 1.684 p = 0.092 | z =  − 1.355, p = 0.176 | z =  − 1.612, p = 0.107 | z =  − 2.133, p = 0.033 |
ES | r =  − 0.136 | r =  − 0.104 | r =  − 0.083 | r =  − 0.099 | r =  − 0.131 |
Years of completed education, Spearman’s correlation | rs =  − 0.214 p = 0.001 | rs =  − 0.203 p = 0.001 | rs =  − 0.115 p = 0.061 | rs =  − 0.214 p = 0.001 | rs =  − 0.240 p < 0.001 |
Highest degree obtained | |||||
No formal education or primary school, median (IQR) | 33.75 (26.25–43.75) | 5 (2.5–7.5) | 7.5 (5–11.25) | 3.75 (1.25–7.5) | 51.25 (41.25–63.75) |
Secondary school, university, vocational school or postgraduate, median (IQR) | 26.875 (20–35.635) | 3.75 (1.25–6.25) | 7.5 (5–8.75) | 2.5 (0–5) | 41.25 (30–52.5) |
Mann–Whitney test | z = 3.777, p < 0.001 | z = 3.406, p = 0.001 | z = 1.635, p = 0.102 | z = 2.183, p = 0.029 | z = 3.818, p < 0.001 |
ES | r = 0.233 | r = 0.210 | r = 0.101 | r = 0.135 | r = 0.236 |
Self-rated overall health, Spearman’s correlation | rs =  − 0.245 p < 0.001 | rs =  − 0.078 p = 0.205 | rs =  − 0.183 p = 0.003 | rs =  − 0.306 p < 0.001 | rs =  − 0.266 p < 0.001 |
Moderate, poor, very poor, median (IQR) | 33.75 (26.25–43.75) | 5 (2.5–6.25) | 7.5 (5–11.25) | 3.75 (1.25–7.5) | 52.5 (41.25–65_ |
Very good or good, median (IQR) | 27.5 (20–35.635) | 3.75 (1.25–6.875) | 6.25 (5–8.75) | 1.25 (0–5) | 42.5 (28.125–52.5) |
Mann–Whitney test | z = 3.617, p < 0.001 | z = 1.136, p = 0.258 | z = 2.183, p = 0.029 | z = 4.172, p < 0.001 | z = 3.787, p < 0.001 |
ES | r = 0.222 | r = 0.070 | r = 0.134 | r = 0.256 | r = 0.233 |
Types of diabetes | |||||
Type I, median (IQR) | 30 (25–38.75) | 3.75 (1.25–6.25) | 6.25 (5–8.75) | 2.5 (1.25–6.25) | 47.5 (31.25–56.25) |
Type II, median (IQR) | 31.25 (23.75–41.875) | 5 (2.5–6.875) | 7.5 (5–10.625) | 2.5 (0.625–6.25) | 47.5 (36.25–62.5) |
Mann–Whitney test | z =  − 0.681, p = 0.499 | z =  − 0.767, p = 0.446 | z =  − 1.960, p = 0.050 | z =  − 0.265, p = 0.794 | z =  − 0.874, p = 0.385 |
ES | r =  − 0.043 | r =  − 0.048 | r =  − 0.123 | r =  − 0.017 | r =  − 0.055 |
Years since diagnosis, Spearman’s correlation | rs = 0.087 p = 0.155 | rs = 0.084 p = 0.171 | rs = 0.019 p = 0.763 | rs = 0.140 p = 0.022 | rs = 0.100 p = 0.104 |
Years of duration of diabetes | |||||
Up to 2 years, median (IQR) | 31.25 (21.25–37.5) | 3.75 (1.25–6.25) | 7.5 (5–10) | 2.5 (0–5) | 45 (33.75–57.5) |
3 to 5 years, median (IQR) | 32.5 (24.375–41.25) | 3.75 (2.5–6.25) | 8.75 (6.25–10) | 2.5 (1.25–5) | 50 (38.125–61.875) |
6 or more years, median (IQR) | 32.5 (25–42.5) | 5 (2.5–7.5) | 7.5 (5–10.625) | 5 (1.25–7.5) | 48.75 (38.125–63.75) |
Kruskal Wallis H | H(2) = 2.853, p = 0.240 | H(2) = 2.681, p = 0.262 | H(2) = 1.581, p = 0.454 | H(2) = 4.293, p = 0.117 | H(2) = 3.056, p = 0.217 |