From: Health-related quality of life in different trimesters during pregnancy
Condition | Trimester-specific | Overall | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Early 2nd | Late 2nd | Early 3rd | Late 3rd | |||
Singleton | n = 48 | n = 107 | n = 171 | n = 234 | n = 313 | n = 873 |  |
EQ-VASa | 89.44 (10.12) | 87.33 (9.35) | 88.31 (8.99) | 88.4 (8.85) | 87.25 (9.05) | 87.9 (9.09) | 0.347 |
EQ index valueb | 0.79 (0.31) | 0.89 (0.12) | 0.87 (0.13) | 0.84 (0.19) | 0.82 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.17) |  < 0.001* |
Mobility | 12 (25.0) | 8 (7.5) | 16 (9.4) | 49 (20.9) | 76 (24.3) | 161 (18.4) |  < 0.001* |
Self-care | 7 (14.6) | 1 (0.9) | 9 (5.3) | 26 (11.1) | 40 (12.8) | 83 (9.5) |  < 0.001* |
Usual activity | 9 (18.8) | 5 (4.7) | 23 (13.5) | 43 (18.4) | 65 (20.8) | 145 (16.6) | 0.002* |
Pain/discomfort | 41 (85.4) | 41 (38.3) | 70 (40.9) | 96 (41.0) | 167 (53.3) | 415 (47.5) |  < 0.001* |
Anxiety/depression | 28 (58.3) | 28 (26.2) | 50 (29.2) | 60 (25.6) | 103 (33.0) | 269 (30.8) |  < 0.001* |
Multiple pregancy | n = 0 | n = 7 | n = 2 | n = 10 | n = 8 | n = 27 |  |
EQ-VASa | – | 88.14 (10.61) | 92.5 (10.61) | 81.5 (11.07) | 86.88 (13.61) | 85.63 (11.62) | – |
EQ index valueb | – | 0.87 (0.13) | 0.63 (0.06) | 0.72 (0.15) | 0.69 (0.09) | 0.74 (0.14) | – |
Mobility | – | 1 (14.3) | 1 (50.0) | 6 (60.0) | 6 (75.0) | 14 (51.9) | – |
Self-care | – | 1 (14.3) | 1 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 3 (37.5) | 10 (37.0) | – |
Usual activity | – | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (37.5) | 8 (29.6) | – |
Pain/discomfort | – | 3 (42.9) | 2 (100.0) | 7 (70.0) | 6 (75.0) | 18 (66.7) | – |
Anxiety/depression | – | 2 (28.6) | 2 (100.0) | 3 (30.0) | 4 (50.0) | 11 (40.7) | – |
Primipara | n = 38 | n = 101 | n = 128 | n = 174 | n = 280 | n = 721 |  |
EQ-VASa | 89.29 (10.54) | 87.98 (8.68) | 88.05 (8.43) | 87.7 (8.60) | 87.03 (9.26) | 87.62 (8.95) | 0.555 |
EQ index valueb | 0.79 (0.30) | 0.89 (0.12) | 0.86 (0.13) | 0.83 (0.20) | 0.81 (0.15) | 0.83 (0.17) |  < 0.001* |
Mobility | 9 (23.7) | 8 (7.9) | 12 (9.4) | 39 (22.4) | 69 (24.6) | 137 (19.0) |  < 0.001* |
Self-care | 5 (13.2) | 2 (2.0) | 8 (6.3) | 21 (12.1) | 39 (13.9) | 75 (10.4) | 0.005* |
Usual activity | 8 (21.1) | 5 (5.0) | 21 (16.4) | 34 (19.5) | 58 (20.7) | 126 (17.5) | 0.007* |
Pain/discomfort | 17 (44.7) | 39 (38.6) | 55 (43.0) | 77 (44.3) | 158 (56.4) | 346 (48.0) | 0.007* |
Anxiety/depression | 10 (26.3) | 27 (26.7) | 42 (32.8) | 48 (27.6) | 96 (34.3) | 223 (30.9) | 0.432 |
Multipara | n = 11 | n = 13 | n = 47 | n = 72 | n = 44 | n = 187 |  |
EQ-VASa | 90.91 (8.89) | 82.69 (13.17) | 89.04 (10.30) | 89.33 (9.94) | 88.89 (8.18) | 88.79 (9.89) | 0.223 |
EQ index valueb | 0.81 (0.34) | 0.9 (0.13) | 0.87 (0.14) | 0.85 (0.17) | 0.84 (0.15) | 0.86 (0.17) | 0.544 |
Mobility | 3 (27.3) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (10.6) | 17 (23.6) | 15 (34.1) | 42 (22.5) | 0.057 |
Self-care | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | 10 (13.9) | 6 (13.6) | 20 (10.7) | 0.247 |
Usual activity | 1 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.4) | 14 (19.4) | 12 (27.3) | 30 (16.0) | 0.028* |
Pain/discomfort | 4 (36.4) | 5 (38.5) | 18 (38.3) | 27 (37.5) | 18 (41.0) | 72 (38.5) | 0.997 |
Anxiety/depression | 4 (36.4) | 3 (2.3) | 12 (25.5) | 15 (20.8) | 12 (27.3) | 56 (29.9) | 0.812 |
Non-smoking partner | n = 44 | n = 97 | n = 146 | n = 208 | n = 278 | n = 773 |  |
EQ-VASa | 89.27 (10.60) | 87.4 (9.63) | 87.89 (9.18) | 87.88 (9.21) | 87.45 (9.18) | 87.75 (9.32) | 0.797 |
EQ index valueb | 0.78 (0.32) | 0.89 (0.12) | 0.86 (0.14) | 0.83 (0.19) | 0.82 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.17) |  < 0.001* |
Mobility | 12 (27.3) | 6 (6.2) | 13 (8.9) | 48 (23.1) | 71 (25.5) | 150 (19.4) |  < 0.001* |
Self-care | 7 (15.9) | 2 (2.1) | 7 (4.8) | 27 (13.0) | 37 (13.3) | 80 (10.3) | 0.001* |
Usual activity | 9 (20.5) | 4 (4.1) | 21 (14.4) | 42 (20.2) | 58 (20.9) | 134 (17.3) | 0.002* |
Pain/discomfort | 19 (43.2) | 38 (39.2) | 62 (42.5) | 89 (42.8) | 152 (54.7) | 360 (46.6) | 0.018* |
Anxiety/depression | 13 (29.5) | 26 (26.8) | 43 (29.5) | 51 (24.5) | 93 (33.5) | 226 (29.2) | 0.297 |
Smoking partner | n = 5 | n = 17 | n = 29 | n = 38 | n = 46 | n = 135 |  |
EQ-VASa | 93 (2.74) | 87.24 (8.06) | 90.48 (7.50) | 89.76 (7.89) | 86.24 (8.81) | 88.52 (8.19) | 0.088 |
EQ index valueb | 0.91 (0.12) | 0.88 (0.12) | 0.86 (0.13) | 0.83 (0.19) | 0.81 (0.13) | 0.84 (0.15) | 0.394 |
Mobility | 0 (0.0) | 3 (17.6) | 4 (3.4) | 8 (21.1) | 13 (28.3) | 28 (20.7) | 0.428 |
Self-care | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (10.3) | 4 (10.5) | 9 (19.6) | 16 (11.9) | 0.222 |
Usual activity | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.9) | 3 (10.3) | 6 (15.8) | 12 (26.1) | 22 (16.3) | 0.177 |
Pain/discomfort | 2 (40.0) | 6 (35.3) | 11 (37.9) | 15 (39.5) | 24 (52.2) | 58 (43.0) | 0.643 |
Anxiety/depression | 1 (20.0) | 4 (23.5) | 11 (37.9) | 12 (31.6) | 15 (32.6) | 43 (31.9) | 0.849 |
Sober partner | n = 48 | n = 110 | n = 161 | n = 223 | n = 291 | n = 833 |  |
EQ-VASa | 89.65 (10.23) | 87.35 (9.52) | 88.4 (9.18) | 88.35 (8.69) | 87.27 (9.26) | 87.93 (9.19) | 0.343 |
EQ index valueb | 0.79 (0.31) | 0.89 (0.12) | 0.86 (0.14) | 0.83 (0.20) | 0.82 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.17) |  < 0.001* |
Mobility | 12 (25.0) | 8 (7.3) | 15 (9.3) | 51 (22.9) | 74 (25.4) | 160 (19.2) |  < 0.001* |
Self-care | 7 (14.6) | 2 (1.8) | 9 (5.6) | 28 (12.6) | 41 (14.1) | 87 (10.4) |  < 0.001* |
Usual activity | 9 (18.8) | 5 (4.5) | 23 (14.3) | 43 (19.3) | 60 (20.6) | 140 (16.8) | 0.002* |
Pain/discomfort | 20 (41.7) | 42 (38.2) | 67 (41.6) | 93 (41.7) | 157 (54.0) | 379 (45.5) | 0.010* |
Anxiety/depression | 13 (27.1) | 29 (26.4) | 49 (30.4) | 56 (25.1) | 94 (32.3) | 241 (28.9) | 0.434 |
Drunk partner | n = 1 | n = 4 | n = 14 | n = 23 | n = 33 | n = 75 |  |
EQ-VASa | 90 (–) | 88.25 (4.72) | 87.36 (5.83) | 86.43 (11.91) | 87.33 (7.98) | 87.15 (8.77) | 0.988 |
EQ index valueb | 0.74 (–) | 0.87 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.11) | 0.84 (0.14) | 0.79 (0.11) | 0.82 (0.13) | 0.431 |
Mobility | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (14.3) | 5 (21.7) | 10 (30.3) | 18 (24.0) | 0.768 |
Self-care | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (13.0) | 4 (12.1) | 8 (10.7) | 0.911 |
Usual activity | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 5 (21.7) | 10 (30.3) | 16 (21.3) | 0.329 |
Pain/discomfort | 1 (100.0) | 2 (50.0) | 6 (42.9) | 11 (47.8) | 19 (57.6) | 39 (52.0) | 0.741 |
Anxiety/depression | 1 (100.0) | 1 (25.0) | 5 (35.7) | 7 (30.4) | 14 (42.4) | 28 (37.3) | 0.594 |
Cardiovascular diseases | n = 0 | n = 2 | n = 1 | n = 2 | n = 2 | n = 7 |  |
EQ-VASa | – | 87.5 (10.61) | 90 (–) | 85 (14.14) | 60 (28.28) | 79.29 (19.02) | – |
EQ index valueb | – | 0.86 (0.19) | 0.69 (–) | 0.82 (0.26) | 0.66 (0.22) | 0.77 (0.19) | – |
Mobility | – | 1 (50.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 4 (57.1) | – |
Self-care | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (14.3) | – |
Usual activity | – | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 3 (42.9) | – |
Pain/discomfort | – | 1 (50.0) | 1 (100.0) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (100.0) | 5 (71.4) | – |
Anxiety/depression | – | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (28.6) | – |
Hepatitis B | n = 1 | n = 3 | n = 2 | n = 3 | n = 10 | n = 19 |  |
EQ-VASa | 100 (–) | 95 (5.00) | 92.5 (10.61) | 91.67 (2.89) | 84.8 (10.51) | 89.11 (9.50) | 0.302 |
EQ index valueb | 0.81 (–) | 0.82 (0.01) | 1 (0.00) | 0.86 (0.13) | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.12) | 0.554 |
Mobility | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.917 |
Self-care | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.229 |
Usual activity | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (20.0) | 3 (15.8) | 0.744 |
Pain/discomfort | 1 (100.0) | 2 (66.7) | 2 (100.0) | 1 (33.3) | 4 (40.0) | 10 (52.6) | 0.403 |
Anxiety/depression | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (50.0) | 6 (31.6) | 0.361 |
GDMc | n = 3 | n = 12 | n = 23 | n = 33 | n = 49 | n = 120 |  |
EQ-VASa | 88.33 (16.07) | 85 (13.48) | 87.83 (11.36) | 85.97 (10.42) | 88.84 (9.71) | 87.46 (10.69) | 0.717 |
EQ index valueb | 0.75 (0.07) | 0.91 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.15) | 0.82 (0.14) | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.85 (0.14) | 0.254 |
Mobility | 2 (66.7) | 3 (25.0) | 4 (17.4) | 12 (36.4) | 10 (20.4) | 31 (25.8) | 0.189 |
Self-care | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (6.1) | 3 (6.1) | 6 (5.0) | 0.907 |
Usual activity | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (24.2) | 8 (16.3) | 22 (18.3) | 0.377 |
Pain/discomfort | 2 (66.7) | 4 (33.3) | 9 (39.1) | 16 (48.5) | 24 (49.0) | 55 (45.8) | 0.739 |
Anxiety/depression | 1 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | 8 (34.8) | 13 (39.4) | 14 (28.6) | 38 (31.7) | 0.648 |
Scarred uterus | n = 13 | n = 23 | n = 36 | n = 63 | n = 84 | n = 219 |  |
EQ-VASa | 88.85 (11.39) | 87.61 (8.24) | 90.36 (8.42) | 89.38 (7.64) | 89.21 (8.04) | 89.26 (8.19) | 0.806 |
EQ index valueb | 0.8 (0.22) | 0.87 (0.13) | 0.89 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.13) | 0.84 (0.16) | 0.86 (0.15) | 0.385 |
Mobility | 6 (46.2) | 5 (21.7) | 4 (11.1) | 16 (25.4) | 19 (22.6) | 50 (22.8) | 0.132 |
Self-care | 1 (7.7) | 1 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.3) | 7 (8.3) | 14 (6.4) | 0.504 |
Usual activity | 1 (7.7) | 3 (13.0) | 4 (11.1) | 14 (22.2) | 18 (21.4) | 40 (18.3) | 0.427 |
Pain/discomfort | 6 (46.2) | 9 (39.1) | 9 (25.0) | 22 (34.9) | 38 (45.2) | 84 (38.4) | 0.282 |
Anxiety/depression | 5 (38.5) | 6 (26.1) | 8 (22.2) | 13 (20.6) | 22 (26.2) | 54 (24.7) | 0.712 |
Non-complications d | n = 25 | n = 78 | n = 99 | n = 85 | n = 103 | n = 390 |  |
EQ-VASa | 87.4 (12.68) | 86.74 (10.01) | 89.55 (8.71) | 88.32 (8.48) | 88.37 (9.13) | 88.27 (9.34) | 0.386 |
EQ index valueb | 0.7 (0.39) | 0.89 (0.12) | 0.87 (0.14) | 0.8 (0.27) | 0.83 (0.13) | 0.83 (0.20) |  < 0.001* |
Mobility | 8 (32.0) | 6 (7.7) | 9 (9.0) | 17 (20.0) | 27 (26.2) | 67 (17.2) |  < 0.001* |
Self-care | 7 (28.0) | 2 (2.6) | 5 (5.5) | 13 (15.3) | 14 (13.6) | 41 (10.5) |  < 0.001* |
Usual activity | 6 (24.0) | 5 (6.4) | 10 (10.1) | 17 (20.0) | 19 (18.4) | 57 (14.6) | 0.029* |
Pain/discomfort | 12 (48.0) | 31 (39.7) | 37 (37.4) | 42 (49.4) | 52 (50.5) | 174 (44.6) | 0.268 |
Anxiety/depression | 10 (40.0) | 22 (28.2) | 31 (31.1) | 22 (25.9) | 30 (29.1) | 115 (29.5) | 0.720 |