Table 5 ANOVA test between demographic variables and PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS scores in case group

Patient characteristics

Gender

 Male

4

89.06 ± 17.95

67.50 ± 34.03

87.50 ± 13.23

83.75 ± 14.36

79.58 ± 15.72

78.43 ± 14.11

 Female

130

86.14 ± 13.27

77.69 ± 17.40

89.15 ± 12.38

81.02 ± 14.48

82.62 ± 12.11

83.43 ± 11.15

Age (years)

 5–7

15

84.17 ± 16.43

72.00 ± 22.10

80.00 ± 14.14^*

70.47 ± 18.22^*

74.16 ± 13.74^*

75.46 ± 12.15^*

 8–12

119

86.49 ± 12.98

78.06 ± 17.37

90.25 ± 11.68

82.44 ± 13.39

83.59 ± 11.59

84.26 ± 10.75

Height^a

 Normal

116

86.48 ± 13.07

78.02 ± 17.47

89.44 ± 12.54

81.74 ± 14.17

83.07 ± 12.26

83.89 ± 11.24

 Abnormal

18

84.62 ± 15.37

73.33 ± 21.00

86.94 ± 11.14

76.94 ± 15.82

79.07 ± 11.22

79.31 ± 10.51

BMI^b

 Normal

86

86.63 ± 13.31

78.37 ± 17.73

89.01 ± 12.34

81.01 ± 14.76

82.80 ± 12.48^*

83.36 ± 11.60^*

 Overweight

35

87.27 ± 12.41

78.14 ± 16.89

91.57 ± 11.62

83.43 ± 11.62

84.38 ± 10.23

85.34 ± 9.77

 Obesity

13

80.77 ± 15.77

68.85 ± 21.33

83.08 ± 13.16

75.38 ± 18.20

75.77 ± 13.45

77.20 ± 10.94

Children per family

 One-child

80

86.91 ± 12.96

77.94 ± 19.51

90.13 ± 11.33

81.94 ± 14.87

83.33 ± 12.82

84.06 ± 11.76

 Multiple-child

54

85.21 ± 13.98

76.57 ± 15.54

87.59 ± 13.69

79.85 ± 13.79

81.34 ± 11.14

82.11 ± 10.37

Caregivers

 Parents

125

86.21 ± 13.25

77.28 ± 18.01

89.40 ± 12.08

81.34 ± 14.39

82.67 ± 12.13

83.42 ± 11.12

 Grandparents

9

86.46 ± 15.63

78.33 ± 18.33

85.00 ± 16.01

77.78 ± 15.43

80.56 ± 13.28

81.25 ± 13.06

Caregiver characteristics

Living environment

 Urban

127

86.30 ± 13.38

77.80 ± 17.94

89.09 ± 12.33

81.18 ± 14.26

82.69 ± 10.09

83.43 ± 11.21

 Rural

7

84.82 ± 13.91

70.00 ± 18.26

89.29 ± 13.67

79.57 ± 18.52

79.62 ± 14.15

80.58 ± 11.90

Educational level

 Primary school

8

80.08 ± 13.56

70.63 ± 17.20

81.88 ± 7.04^*

80.63 ± 11.16^*

77.71 ± 8.50^*

78.01 ± 7.02^*

 Middle school

11

86.93 ± 8.48

68.18 ± 24.21

84.09 ± 13.38

70.90 ± 17.58

74.39 ± 14.65

75.40 ± 12.18

 High school

56

87.22 ± 12.84

79.02 ± 19.64

91.52 ± 10.83

81.07 ± 14.82

83.87 ± 12.62

84.30 ± 11.68

 University or higher

59

85.99 ± 14.55

78.47 ± 14.54

88.73 ± 13.57

83.08 ± 13.31

83.43 ± 11.15

84.49 ± 10.48

Employment status

 Employed

85

87.22 ± 12.97

80.65 ± 15.19^*

89.71 ± 12.47

82.73 ± 13.39^*

84.36 ± 11.09^*

84.99 ± 10.41^*

 Unemployed/housewives

49

84.50 ± 13.96

71.73 ± 20.96

88.06 ± 12.20

78.27 ± 15.83

79.35 ± 13.36

80.31 ± 12.05

Monthly income (CNY)

 ≤ 5000

18

86.11 ± 13.27

76.39 ± 16.16

91.67 ± 10.00

81.11 ± 15.58

83.06 ± 11.49

83.17 ± 10.94

 5000–10,000

46

84.47 ± 14.95

76.09 ± 19.66

86.85 ± 13.80

78.63 ± 15.83

80.52 ± 13.67

81.26 ± 12.78

 ≥ 10,000

70

87.41 ± 12.29

78.50 ± 17.41

89.93 ± 11.81

82.71 ± 13.10

83.71 ± 11.25

84.63 ± 10.10

Clinic characteristics of patients

New diagnosis/follow-

 New diagnosis

11

92.33 ± 9.10

84.09 ± 12.41

90.00 ± 8.06

79.55 ± 11.93

84.55 ± 6.54

84.64 ± 5.89

 Follow-up

123

85.68 ± 13.56

76.79 ± 18.30

89.02 ± 12.69

81.24 ± 14.67

82.35 ± 12.55

83.15 ± 11.59

Age of diagnosis (years)

 5–7

45

85.42 ± 13.31

75.44 ± 16.27

85.11 ± 13.16^*

79.27 ± 13.85

79.94 ± 11.06^*

80.63 ± 9.94^*

 8–12

89

86.64 ± 13.43

78.37 ± 18.78

91.12 ± 11.48

82.02 ± 14.71

83.84 ± 12.55

84.61 ± 11.64

Disease duration (years)

 ≤ 1

87

88.30 ± 12.54^*

77.59 ± 19.39

89.71 ± 12.16

81.15 ± 15.03

82.82 ± 12.91

83.76 ± 11.77

 1–2

34

80.51 ± 14.00

76.18 ± 14.88

87.94 ± 12.38

79.32 ± 14.14

81.15 ± 10.51

81.63 ± 9.84

 ≥ 2

13

87.26 ± 13.65

79.39 ± 16.31

88.08 ± 14.22

85.38 ± 10.50

84.23 ± 11.54

84.33 ± 11.21

Type of medical treatment

 GnRHa

107

85.99 ± 13.89

77.01 ± 12.28

87.20 ± 12.83^*

80.25 ± 14.67

81.49 ± 12.12^*

82.13 ± 11.19^*

 GnRHa + growth hormone

27

87.15 ± 11.18

78.89 ± 20.78

96.67 ± 5.88

84.44 ± 13.18

86.67 ± 11.66

87.83 ± 10.30

Route of administration

 Intramuscular injection

90

85.52 ± 13.69

78.17 ± 18.26

89.28 ± 12.42

81.44 ± 13.68

82.96 ± 11.63

83.45 ± 10.65

 Subcutaneous injection

44

87.67 ± 12.70

75.80 ± 17.45

88.75 ± 12.35

80.39 ± 16.00

81.64 ± 13.29

82.91 ± 12.42

Duration of medical treatment (years)

 ≤ 1

98

87.96 ± 12.11^*

76.99 ± 18.79

89.39 ± 12.17

81.28 ± 14.75

82.55 ± 12.62

83.47 ± 11.54

 1–2

29

80.39 ± 15.19

77.41 ± 15.96

88.97 ± 11.83

79.38 ± 13.66

81.92 ± 10.49

82.18 ± 9.84

 ≥ 2

7

86.16 ± 17.01

82.86 ± 14.96

85.71 ± 17.90

85.71 ± 13.67

84.76 ± 13.59

85.11 ± 13.29